As testing becomes necessary in software development, software testers must understand the differences between bugs and defects.&nbsp;



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXecw3a-a50_u8Me6evoRXetAzRk1Zqe8C0178ljrt141X2m_zGquvi64QD0_PNrFwcQDwZ7sHyzvVsxWXoavPL1atFunDIXw1OqsEeDi5tVYlF44ZQzAYK8Fw-txth2YwFbESeOUIELBji1scm5ZWCs1Ug3?key=9K675B0aAlCiQRmhnYaiWQ" alt="bug vs defect" /></figure>



Has your program ever behaved strangely? If Yes, we refer to that as a software bug. Just like when your car unexpectedly veers off course, it disrupts how the software is supposed to work. And where do these pesky bugs usually hide?



Well, mostly in those testing environments that aren&#8217;t visible, such as the QA Environment, Staging, Sandbox, RC (Release candidate builds), RTM (Release to market), etc.&nbsp;



Although defects and bugs are frequently used in daily testing, there are some subtle distinctions between the two. Any deviation from the software&#8217;s intended functionality or specs is considered a flaw.&nbsp;



This post will show you the differences between software bugs and defects in detail.



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#Bug_VS_Defect_8211_What_are_the_Differences">1 Bug VS Defect &#8211; What are the Differences?</a></li><li><a href="#Consequences_of_having_Bugs_and_Defects_in_Your_Software_or_Product">2 Consequences of having Bugs and Defects in Your Software or Product</a></li><li><a href="#Bug_VS_Defect_8211_How_To_Track_and_Rectify">3 Bug VS Defect &#8211; How To Track and Rectify?</a></li><li><a href="#Bug_vs_Defect_8211_Examples">4 Bug vs Defect &#8211; Examples</a></li><li><a href="#Bug_Vs_Defects_in_Test_Automation">5 Bug Vs Defects in Test Automation</a></li><li><a href="#Summary">6 Summary</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">7 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_bug_vs_defect_in_agile">7.1 What is bug vs defect in agile?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_the_difference_between_bug_log_and_defect_tracking">7.2 What is the difference between bug log and defect tracking?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_the_difference_between_a_bug_and_an_error">7.3 What is the difference between a bug and an error?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_the_difference_between_a_bug_and_an_incident">7.4 What is the difference between a bug and an incident?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="bug-vs-defect-what-are-the-differences">Bug VS Defect &#8211; What are the Differences?</h2>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" width="617" height="639" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/unnamed-6.png" alt="Bug VS Defect - What are the Differences ?" class="wp-image-44505" /></figure></div>



<h2 id="consequences-of-having-bugs-and-defects-in-your-software-or-product">Consequences of having Bugs and Defects in Your Software or Product</h2>



The impact of software bugs and defects can have significant consequences. Here are the major ones:



<ol><li>Reduced Customer Satisfaction:&nbsp; Software or product bugs and defects impact user experience. This causes frustration and dissatisfaction for the customers. This can lead to unfavorable reviews, decreased customer loyalty and potential loss of business.</li><li>Increased Support and Maintenance Costs: Fixing bugs require additional resources, such as time, effort and expertise. Companies will have to allocate more budget towards support teams. Else hire specialized staff to address customer complaints and thereby fix issues. This kind of support eventually increases maintenance costs.</li><li>Damaged Reputation:&nbsp; Releasing software or products with bugs often can damage a company&#8217;s reputation. A damaged reputation takes considerable time to get restored and could affect future revenue.</li><li>Decreased Productivity: Time and resources allocation towards damage control and addressing the concerns raised by negative word of mouth can decrease productivity.</li></ol>



<h2 id="bug-vs-defect-how-to-track-and-rectify">Bug VS Defect &#8211; How To Track and Rectify?</h2>



To track and rectify bugs and defects, it is essential to have a bug-tracking system in place. A bug tracking system is a tool that allows you to track the status of bugs and defects, from the time they are reported to the time they are fixed.



There are many different <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/bug-tracking-system/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">bug-tracking systems</a> available, both open-source and commercial. Some popular bug-tracking systems include Jira and Asana.



How to track bugs and defects:



<ol><li>Identify the bug or defect. This can be done by testers, users, or anyone else who uses the software.</li><li>Log the bug or defect in the bug-tracking system. This should include information such as the type of bug or defect, the steps to reproduce it, and the expected and actual results.</li><li>Prioritize the bug or defect based on its severity, user impact, and cost to fix.</li><li>Assign the bug or defect to a developer. The developer will then investigate and fix it.</li><li>Test the fix. Once the developer has fixed the bug or defect, a tester will test the fix to ensure it works correctly.</li><li>Close the bug or defect. Once the bug or defect has been fixed and tested, the bug tracking system will be updated to show that it is closed.</li></ol>



Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/how-to-find-bugs/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">How to find Bugs</a>



How to rectify bugs and defects:



<ol><li>Understand the bug or defect. The developer needs to understand the root cause of the bug or defect to fix it.</li><li>Design a fix. The developer must design a fix to resolve the bug or defect without introducing new problems.</li><li>Implement the fix. The developer needs to implement the fix in the code.</li><li>Test the fix. The developer needs to test the fix to ensure it is working correctly.</li><li>Deploy the fix. Once the fix has been tested, the developer must deploy it to production.</li></ol>



Suggestions for tracking and rectifying bugs and defects:



<ul><li>Use a bug-tracking system to track all bugs and defects.</li><li>Prioritize bugs and defects based on their severity, user impact, and cost to fix.</li><li>Assign bugs and defects to developers promptly.</li><li>Test fixes thoroughly before deploying them to production.</li><li>Communicate with users regularly to inform them of the status of bugs and defects. </li></ul>



Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/how-to-write-a-good-bug-report-some-tips/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Bug Report</a>



<h2 id="bug-vs-defect-examples">Bug vs Defect &#8211; Examples</h2>



Let us look at some real-time examples of bugs and defects.



Bug:



<ul><li>A button on a website does not work when clicked.</li><li>A text field on a web form does not accept input.</li><li>A calculation in a spreadsheet software program needs to be corrected.</li><li>A video game crashes when a certain level is reached.</li></ul>



We can quote many such examples for a bug. These are some day-to-day life examples. Bugs can cause software to malfunction, crash, or produce unexpected results.



Defect:



<ul><li>A report generated by a software program needs to include important information.</li><li>A feature advertised on a software product&#8217;s website is not included in the product.</li><li>A software program is slow and unresponsive.</li><li>A software program is insecure and vulnerable to hacking attacks.</li></ul>



Defects may not cause the software to malfunction, but they can make it less valuable or easier to use.



Here is a more detailed example of a bug and a defect:



Suppose a company is developing a new mobile app for online banking customers. The app is in the testing phase, and the testers find a bug that prevents users from logging in. The developers investigated the bug and found it was caused by a typo in the code. Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/defect-prevention/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Defect Prevention</a>



They fixed the typo and deployed the fix to the testers. The testers tested the fix and confirmed that it was working correctly. The bug is now fixed, and the app is ready to be released to production.



Regardless, users complained that the app was difficult to use after it was released for production. The company investigated the complaints and found that the app&#8217;s user interface needs to be well-designed. This is a defect in the app, and the company decided to fix it in a future release.



By tracking and rectifying bugs and defects, the company can ensure that its mobile app is reliable and easy to use for its customers.



Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/a-testers-guide-to-deal-with-missed-bugs/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">How Testers Deal with Missed Bugs</a>



<h2 id="bug-vs-defects-in-test-automation">Bug Vs Defects in Test Automation</h2>



When a test fails, automated tests can uncover bugs or defects. The type of test performed will determine whether the issue is classified as a bug or a defect. Several test automation solutions are available to help speed the reporting of bugs and defects immediately following a test failure.



Testsigma is a test automation tool that interfaces easily with many bug-reporting solutions, instantly reporting any flaws discovered during testing.



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<h2 id="summary">Summary</h2>



This blog highlights the necessity of distinguishing between bugs and defects by highlighting their distinct qualities. You now have a clear understanding of these two notions. Happy testing!



<h2 id="frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="what-is-bug-vs-defect-in-agile">What is bug vs defect in agile?</h3>



In agile, a bug refers to a coding error or flaw that causes unexpected behavior. In contrast, a defect refers to any deviation from the expected functionality or requirements of the software.



<h3 id="what-is-the-difference-between-bug-log-and-defect-tracking">What is the difference between bug log and defect tracking?</h3>



A bug log is a chronological record of identified issues during testing, including their details, status, and severity.&nbsp;



Defect tracking manages and monitors the entire defect lifecycle, from detection to resolution. 



Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/bug-life-cycle/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Bug Life Cycle</a>



<h3 id="what-is-the-difference-between-a-bug-and-an-error">What is the difference between a bug and an error?</h3>



A bug is a flaw in the software&#8217;s code that causes incorrect behavior, while an error is a human mistake or oversight in the development process that leads to a bug.



<h3 id="what-is-the-difference-between-a-bug-and-an-incident">What is the difference between a bug and an incident?</h3>



A bug is a software code flaw that causes incorrect behavior;&nbsp; an incident refers to any unexpected event or situation reported during testing that may or may not be a bug but requires investigation and resolution.





Types of bugs
<blockquote class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="Nimomsihn6"><a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/types-of-bugs-in-software-testing/">Common Types of Bugs in Software Testing</a></blockquote><iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" title="&#8220;Common Types of Bugs in Software Testing&#8221; &#8212; Testsigma Blog" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/types-of-bugs-in-software-testing/embed/#?secret=d4Yuj2ugck#?secret=Nimomsihn6" data-secret="Nimomsihn6" width="500" height="282" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"></iframe>


What is Bebugging?
<blockquote class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="umQfzzc0fL"><a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/bebugging/">What is Bebugging? | Benefits, Tools &amp; Best Practices</a></blockquote><iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" title="&#8220;What is Bebugging? | Benefits, Tools &amp; Best Practices&#8221; &#8212; Testsigma Blog" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/bebugging/embed/#?secret=q5b6zhWzdc#?secret=umQfzzc0fL" data-secret="umQfzzc0fL" width="500" height="282" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"></iframe>

Bug vs Defect – 10 Top Core Differences

As software creators, we all hope that our programs will function flawlessly. However, unforeseen issues can arise, resulting in defects.&nbsp; In this post, we will discuss the types of defects in Software Testing.&nbsp;



Let&#8217;s dive in!



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_a_Defect">1 What is a Defect?</a></li><li><a href="#Common_Types_of_Defects">2 Common Types of Defects</a></li><li><a href="#Summary">3 Summary</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">4 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_are_examples_of_software_defects">4.1 What are examples of software defects?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_an_example_of_a_functional_defect">4.2 What is an example of a functional defect?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-a-defect">What is a Defect?</h2>



Defects in a system or software application arise when there is any inconsistency with the product functional specification document or when the actual result doesn&#8217;t match the expected result.&nbsp;



Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/defect-management/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Defect Management</a>



<h2 id="h-common-types-of-defects">Common Types of Defects</h2>



Following are some of the basic types of defects in software development:



<ol><li>Logical defects refer to errors made during the implementation of code. Such mistakes occur when the programmer needs a better understanding of the problem or approaches it incorrectly. Additionally, logical defects can arise if the programmer fails to consider corner cases while implementing the code. These defects are typically related to the core of the software. </li><li>Syntax Defects refer to mistakes in code writing style, specifically minor errors developers make during the coding process. These defects are often caused by small symbols being missed or accidentally left out. For instance, when coding in C++, it&#8217;s possible for a semicolon (;) to be accidentally omitted. </li><li>Arithmetic Defects refer to mistakes made by developers when working with arithmetic expressions or in finding solutions to such expressions. These defects are typically caused by a lack of knowledge or focus on the programmer&#8217;s part or by code congestion, making it difficult to review the written code properly. </li><li>Interface Defects refer to the flaws in how the software interacts with its users. These can come in different forms, such as a complex or unclear interface or one specific to a particular platform. Proper <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/interface-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">interface testing</a> can help identify and address these issues. </li><li>Multithreading Defects: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multithreading_(computer_architecture)" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Multithreading</a> involves executing multiple tasks simultaneously, which can result in complex debugging. Sometimes, multithreading processes may lead to deadlock and starvation, ultimately causing system failure. </li><li>Interface defects refer to issues arising in software and user interaction. These defects may include complicated, unclear, or platform-specific interfaces present in various forms. </li><li>Performance Defects refer to issues where a system or software application fails to meet expected results, in terms of performance i.e. how well the system performs in specific situations. It also involves the way the system responds when subjected to varying loads. </li><li>Security Defect: Each defect poses a unique risk due to its inherent nature. These defects represent weaknesses that could be exploited in a security breach.</li></ol>



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<h2 id="h-summary">Summary</h2>



To summarize, software defects are similar to mosquitoes on a summer evening &#8211; bothersome but unavoidable. Knowing the various types of defects, such as functional, performance, usability, and security, can assist in reducing the risks of your software application. Therefore, keep these glitches from bothering you. Instead, adopt a farseeing approach to <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/software-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">software testing</a>.



Happy Testing!



<h2 id="frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="what-are-examples-of-software-defects">What are examples of software defects?</h3>



Examples of software defects include logical errors that cause the program to produce incorrect results and memory leaks that lead to inefficient use of system resources.



<h3 id="what-is-an-example-of-a-functional-defect">What is an example of a functional defect?</h3>



An example of a functional defect could be a software bug that causes a program to crash when a specific action is performed. Another example could be a manufacturing defect in a product that prevents it from performing its intended function properly. Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/defect-prevention/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Defect Prevention</a>





Defect Analysis
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Defect Tracking in Software Testing
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Bug vs Defect
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What is Defect Leakage 
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Defect Removal Efficiency
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What is Defect Escape
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Types of Defects In Software Testing

Waterfall Model In Software Testing | What it is & Example?

A Test Log is nothing but a document to keep track of all the tests that are executed. It logs test cases, results, and any issues arising during testing. It helps a tester to stay on top of their work and provides a thorough report of the testing process.&nbsp;



In this blog post, we&#8217;ll dive deep into test logs and show you how to use them like a pro.&nbsp;



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_a_Test_Log">1 What is a Test Log?</a></li><li><a href="#Components_of_a_Test_Log">2 Components of a Test Log</a></li><li><a href="#Test_Log_Template">3 Test Log Template</a></li><li><a href="#Advantages">4 Advantages </a></li><li><a href="#Creating_a_Test_Log_Step-by-Step_Guide">5 Creating a Test Log: Step-by-Step Guide</a></li><li><a href="#Importance_of_Test_Log_in_Test_Automation">6 Importance of Test Log in Test Automation</a></li><li><a href="#Test_log_example">7 Test log example</a></li><li><a href="#Summary">8 Summary</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">9 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_are_the_different_types_of_logs_in_testing">9.1 What are the different types of logs in testing?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_log-in_automation_testing">9.2 What is log-in automation testing?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-a-test-log">What is a Test Log?</h2>



A test log is a detailed record documenting the activities carried out during software development or system testing. It is an essential tool for tracking and managing the testing process. The log contains information such as the names and descriptions of test cases, dates of execution, results, and any defects encountered. It summarizes the testing progress, enabling testers to identify patterns or trends in failures and successes. Moreover, a test log helps troubleshoot by providing valuable insights into the steps taken during testing.&nbsp;



<h2 id="h-components-of-a-test-log">Components of a Test Log</h2>



The generation of test logs following each test must consist of entries that precisely record various aspects of the test and furnish comprehensive and relevant information. A test log comprises multiple components, namely:



1. Date and Time: The log must encompass the date and time of the event, failure, or any other significant issue.



2. A concise description of the event being logged must be furnished.&nbsp;



3. Status: The log must indicate the status of distinct events observed by the team.&nbsp;



4. Contextual Details: Additional details and pertinent information must be provided as and when required.&nbsp;



5. Anomalies and Errors: Details concerning any anomalies and errors identified during testing must be documented in the log.



<h2 id="h-test-log-template">Test Log Template</h2>



Generating a test log report is an important aspect of efficient <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-management-process/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test management</a> and documentation. It facilitates monitoring testing activities, detecting anomalies, and presenting a comprehensive view of the testing procedure to the relevant parties. The following are essential elements to take into account when developing a test log report:



1. Test Case Information: Include details about each test case executed, such as the unique identifier, description, preconditions, and expected results. This information helps in understanding the purpose and scope of each test case.



2. Test Execution Details: Record the date and time each test case was executed. This allows for easy tracking of when tests were performed and helps identify any patterns or trends in the testing process.



3. Test Environment: Document the specific environment in which the tests were conducted. This includes hardware configurations, software versions, operating systems, and browsers This information is essential for reproducing issues and ensuring consistency across testing environments.



4. Test Results:&nbsp; It is important to record any deviations or anomalies observed during the testing process to provide a comprehensive overview of the test results.



<h2 id="h-advantages">Advantages </h2>



Let us discuss some of the advantages of using a Test Log:



<ol><li>&nbsp;Provides a record of all tests conducted, allowing for easy reference and progress tracking.&nbsp;</li><li>Helps identify patterns or trends in test results, enabling the identification of recurring issues or areas for improvement.&nbsp;</li><li>Facilitates collaboration among team members by providing a centralized location for sharing test information and findings.&nbsp;</li><li>Allows for better organization and categorization of tests, making locating specific tests or groups of tests easier.</li><li>Enables traceability by documenting the steps taken during testing, making reproducing and debugging issues easier.</li><li>Enhances stakeholder communication by providing a clear overview of the testing process and outcomes.</li><li>Supports <a href="https://www.ibm.com/topics/risk-management" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">risk management</a> by highlighting potential areas of concern or high-risk tests that require additional attention.</li><li>Assists in compliance with regulatory standards or industry best practices by ensuring that all necessary tests have been conducted and documented.</li></ol>



<h2 id="h-creating-a-test-log-step-by-step-guide">Creating a Test Log: Step-by-Step Guide</h2>



Step 1: Define the Purpose and Scope



&#8211; Identify the purpose of creating a test log, such as tracking test progress, documenting test results, or identifying defects.



&#8211; Determine the scope of the test log, including which tests or test cycles it will cover.



Step 2: Identify Required Information



&#8211; Determine what information needs to be included in the test log. This may include details like test case ID, description, expected result, actual result, status (pass/fail), date/time executed, tester name, and other relevant fields.



Step 3: Choose a Format



&#8211; Decide on the format for your test log. It can be a spreadsheet (e.g., Excel), a document (e.g., Word), or even a specialized testing tool with built-in logging capabilities.



Step 4: Create Columns and Headers



&#8211; Set up columns in your chosen format to accommodate all the required information identified in Step 2. 



For example, if you are using Excel, you can create columns such as &#8220;Test Case ID,&#8221; &#8220;Description,&#8221; &#8220;Expected Result,&#8221; and &#8220;Actual Result&#8221; to organize and track the necessary information.



<h2 id="h-importance-of-test-log-in-test-automation">Importance of Test Log in Test Automation</h2>



Here are some major reasons why the test log is crucial in test automation:



1. Provides detailed information about the test execution process, including the test case status, test environment, and test data.&nbsp;



2. Enables testers to trace back to the source of an issue, facilitating faster debugging and fixing.&nbsp;



3. Helps testers generate accurate and comprehensive reports, improving stakeholder communication.&nbsp;



4. Allows for better collaboration among team members, as everyone can access the same information.



5. Enhances the reliability and consistency of the testing process, leading to better-quality software products. In conclusion, the test log is a critical component of test automation tools that facilitates efficient and effective testing.



<h2 id="h-test-log-example">Test log example</h2>



Here we are considering a test log generated by an automated test case in test automation tool <a href="https://testsigma.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma</a>.&nbsp;



Step-1



To begin, access the Testsigma platform and register a new account. Once successfully registered, create a new project and a New Test case. Proceed to write Test steps for execution in the test case. Below is an image depicting the test steps formulated for verifying invalid credentials on a travel site login page.



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/J_c5ejuEfO619APfEpKz0pdpQQjXkXCqRKUiSj-mW8ym967zAxlfSP51d_QNg-DqLCuF8tG8BlcrYsqKZubGUDsS5g0Em06G54F8iL_KBbh_PQLarsCvKkXDPHq-_DfxtofXZMuCEmya-GWzJTDo6MU" alt="Test log example 1" /></figure>



Step-2



Upon successful execution of the test cases, the test results reveal a state of &#8220;Passed.&#8221; One must navigate to the Logs bar by clicking on it to access the test logs. Referencing the given image below, the details can be observed. Clicking on the Logs icon provides access to the Test logs.



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/yANBjkrTnf01J7BhektHpap0oNF6JU9J87shQjZYc6nRGYXgtITHxZucSzRq5my2F7mVt2cNa6RTMTN0Bv85qRIqfgOzQyKJeIjT78oGPaWhXFYxjxt05X4-OEb2o9mDUE7Z7lvvCIb2_89DmtOXRJc" alt="Test log example 2" /></figure>



Step-3:



In the final stage, a log list is presented to provide a detailed overview of all the processes that have occurred in the backend. Testsigma facilitates recording step-by-step processes, enabling the display of a complete list.



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/v7JdAiqshJzrlIB2EkCqNwTogOMn01P6h-hIgZ-1HcJl8RgkrDPjGLbmaC_QSu9k4uMHnYmWelooCv8aaZtueesz5VpqItwCnlDP3IrsjlaC9XBcl622Fvacl5Kwq-OmB9x4lXGR1GxzYj8j_JHSTWc" alt="Test log example 3" /></figure>



 <h2 id="h-summary">Summary</h2>



Maintaining a Test log is essential for documenting and monitoring testing procedures. Testsigma, an automation platform, simplifies this process. Testsigma operates at 5x speed and is a fully-managed, Cloud-based test automation platform.&nbsp;



Automate your tests for web, mobile, desktops, and APIs, 10x faster with Testsigma, with easy-to-traverse test logs



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="h-what-are-the-different-types-of-logs-in-testing">What are the different types of logs in testing?</h3>



The different types of logs in testing include system logs, application logs, and test execution logs. System logs capture information about the operating system and hardware, application logs record events within the software, and test execution logs document the details of test runs, such as pass/fail status and error messages.



<h3 id="h-what-is-log-in-automation-testing">What is log-in automation testing?</h3>



Log-in automation testing refers to automating the testing of log-in functionality in software applications. It involves creating scripts or using tools to simulate user log-ins and validate their success. This type of testing helps ensure that log-in processes work correctly and efficiently.

What is a Test log? A Complete Guide

As software development becomes more complex, it is increasingly important to have effective testing strategies. One key part of that is using Test Artifacts. Developers and testers should be aware of various types of test artifacts to test software effectively.&nbsp;



This blog post will explore these different test artifacts and explain their significance in testing. You can be a software developer, tester, or project manager, and understanding the role of test artifacts in testing will undoubtedly improve the quality of your software.&nbsp;



So, let&#8217;s dive in and explore the world of test artifacts!



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_are_Test_Artifacts">1 What are Test Artifacts?</a></li><li><a href="#Reasons_for_Having_and_Not_Having_Test_Artifacts">2 Reasons for Having and Not Having Test Artifacts</a></li><li><a href="#Test_Artifacts_in_Test_Automation">3 Test Artifacts in Test Automation</a></li><li><a href="#Summary">4 Summary</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">5 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_an_example_of_a_test_artifact">5.1 What is an example of a test artifact?</a></li><li><a href="#What_are_the_different_types_of_artifacts_in_DevOps">5.2 What are the different types of artifacts in DevOps?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-are-test-artifacts">What are Test Artifacts?</h2>



Test artifacts(test deliverables) are documents and scripts created during software testing to ensure that the tested application meets the desired quality standards. These artifacts provide evidence of the testing process and valuable insights into the overall testing efforts.



There are various types of test artifacts, each serving a specific purpose. Test plans, test cases, and test scripts are some of the most common test artifacts used in software testing. Understanding the different types of test artifacts and their purpose is essential for effective software testing.



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/1L9lAxDjQD83IvUz3C0QrTKUcZWmL1U97jxO6O369eUsJsE3jnApB4WDCBNUtjarbxNzX6edJ3-7jWkCpo8Mya0xz1cHQR7m-G3sIQlo0uWG8knWIKu7flvC9PCji0A_y8tZhpT4OK_Pv4whUrvBBts" alt="Testsigma - Test automation platform" /></figure></div>



 <h2 id="h-reasons-for-having-and-not-having-test-artifacts">Reasons for Having and Not Having Test Artifacts</h2>



&nbsp;Several factors may influence the need for test artifacts:&nbsp;



1. Company rules: Some industries, like aerospace, nuclear power, or healthcare, are strict about testing and paperwork. They might need us to produce detailed reports.&nbsp;



2. Project needs: If we&#8217;re working on something that needs to be super good and reliable, we might need to make more test stuff than usual to ensure everything is covered.



3. What stakeholders want: Testers, Developers, Project managers, and Customers may all have different ideas about what they need from testing results. Developers might need detailed reports to understand and deal with issues, while the customers may want a summary of how good and reliable the product is.



4. What we&#8217;re trying to do: The <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-goals-software-testing-panorama-software-solutions" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">testing goals</a> also play a part in deciding how much we need from the testing results. We need more detailed and extensive testing results to find and fix as many problems as possible before the release. But if our goal is just to meet a basic level of quality, more detailed testing results might not be needed.



There are a few reasons why an organization might only need some test stuff for a project. Here are some factors that could affect this decision:&nbsp;



1. How complicated the project is: If it&#8217;s a pretty simple project with only a few features and not a lot of stuff going on, making all the test things you&#8217;d need for a bigger project might not be necessary.&nbsp;



2. What resources are available: If the organization has few resources, making all the test stuff you&#8217;d need for a super comprehensive testing effort might not make sense.



3. How risky the project is: If it is a high-risk project, it may be necessary to produce more test artifacts to thoroughly test the system and ensure it meets all required specifications.&nbsp;



When figuring out what test efforts are needed, it is also important to think about what you&#8217;re trying to accomplish. Don&#8217;t waste time on stuff that is not helping you reach your goals. Stick to the most important things.



<h2 id="h-test-artifacts-in-test-automation">Test Artifacts in Test Automation</h2>



Here we refer to using automated tools and technologies to streamline and enhance the creation, execution, and management of various test artifacts. As we discussed earlier about Test artifacts, now you know these are the essential elements in the software testing lifecycle that document different aspects of the testing process.&nbsp;



Let&#8217;s delve into each type of test artifact and explore how automation can benefit them:



1. Test Strategy: The <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/software-testing-strategy/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test strategy</a> outlines the overall approach and objectives for testing a software product or system. This test strategy can detail the process of test automation which can then be put to action.



2. Test Plan: A test plan provides a detailed roadmap for executing tests, including scope, resources, timelines, and entry/exit criteria. Automation tools can aid in generating test plans by automatically populating relevant information based on project parameters.



3. Test Scenario: A test scenario defines a specific situation or event that needs to be tested within an application or system. In certain conditions, it is recommended that these test scenarios be authored and executed using test automation tools. That is when automating these tests could help generate ROI in the long run.



4. Test Cases: <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/what-is-test-case/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test cases</a> are detailed instructions specifying inputs, expected outputs, preconditions, and post-conditions for executing tests on specific functionalities or components of an application. Similar to test scenarios, there are certain conditions, when it is recommended that these test cases be automated using test automation tools.&nbsp;



5. Test Data: Test data encompasses all inputs required to execute tests effectively. This test data is useful when test cases and test scenarios are automated too.&nbsp;



6. Documentation: Automated documentation generation tools simplify creating comprehensive reports on testing activities such as requirements traceability matrices (RTMs), progress reports, and defect metrics.



7. Defect/Bug Report: There are test automation tools that integrate with various bug/<a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/defect-tracking-tools/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">defect tracking tools</a>. These tools create a bug report automatically when a bug is caught via automated test cases and test scenarios.



8. Summary Report: Summary reports overview the overall testing progress and key metrics such as test coverage, pass/fail rates, and defect trends. There are test automation tools that generate these summary reports automatically for the tests executed and their reports.



Here, we discussed some test artifacts that can also be created via <a href="https://testsigma.com/">automation tools</a> and technologies.



Testsigma is a no-code <a href="https://testsigma.com/qa-automation-tools" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test automation tool</a> that makes creation of test cases very easy by letting you create them in simple English.&nbsp;



<div class="cta-banner-v2">
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Automate your tests for web, mobile, desktops and, APIs, 5X Faster 
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<a href="https://testsigma.com/" target="_blank" class="cta-btn-v1" rel="noopener">Check out Testsigma</a>
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<h2 id="h-summary">Summary</h2>



In conclusion, to ensure product quality, it is sometimes essential to create all test artifacts.



These test artifacts are required to have a thorough testing process, but it is also important to prioritize and concentrate on the most significant and relevant artifacts.



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="h-what-is-an-example-of-a-test-artifact">What is an example of a test artifact?</h3>



An example of a test artifact could be a test plan document. A test plan outlines the overall approach, objectives, and scope of testing for a specific project or software application. It includes details about the testing strategy, resources required, test environment setup, and the specific tests to be executed.



<h3 id="h-what-are-the-different-types-of-artifacts-in-devops">What are the different types of artifacts in DevOps?</h3>



DevOps has different types of artifacts, including source code, binaries, configuration files, and deployment scripts.





Test Evidence
<blockquote class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="pWtN0N2ZOy"><a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-evidence/">Test Evidence &#8211; What it is, Why &#038; How to Capture?</a></blockquote><iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" title="&#8220;Test Evidence &#8211; What it is, Why &#038; How to Capture?&#8221; &#8212; Testsigma Blog" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-evidence/embed/#?secret=yOpI52Dx6w#?secret=pWtN0N2ZOy" data-secret="pWtN0N2ZOy" width="500" height="282" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"></iframe>


Automated Testing
https://testsigma.com/automated-testing


Test Documentation
<blockquote class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="6l4oMzyOZH"><a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-documentation/">Documentation for Testing: Benefits, Examples, and Best Practices</a></blockquote><iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" title="&#8220;Documentation for Testing: Benefits, Examples, and Best Practices&#8221; &#8212; Testsigma Blog" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-documentation/embed/#?secret=bipx5RXVOe#?secret=6l4oMzyOZH" data-secret="6l4oMzyOZH" width="500" height="282" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"></iframe>

Test Artifacts Explained With Types

Did you find a bug? I mean in the software! Software bugs can be the bane of any software project, causing delays, disruption, or even software failures. Any software development project must pay close attention to bug identification and resolution. This blog looks at some of the most common bugs in software testing processes. We&#8217;ll also explore how they can be identified and solved quickly and effectively so software projects can stay on track and meet their goals.&nbsp;



By looking at these common bug types, we can better understand how to manage them and ensure that our software projects stay on course.



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/Gh8JZgvgg4QlHtNcD3nkOt2kA_H9b07vvVCeyA0Ut8AcjkhQxgAkxL2O26Tjrf5fjVHO9LL_iCFc2q8KQ_F698acYeBd2gtrT8RCnncsCQ64Q4MgpP-jp21xsVTqIHektmZXODHGPJagdyXCF2KArw" alt="find a bug
" /></figure></div>



Did you <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/how-to-find-bugs/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">find a BUG</a>?



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_a_Software_Bug">1 What is a Software Bug?</a></li><li><a href="#Different_Types_of_Bugs_in_Software_Testing">2 Different Types of Bugs in Software Testing:</a><ul><li><a href="#1_Functional_Bugs">2.1 1. Functional Bugs</a></li><li><a href="#2_Logical_Bugs">2.2 2. Logical Bugs</a></li><li><a href="#3_Workflow_Bugs">2.3 3. Workflow Bugs</a></li><li><a href="#4_Unit_Level_Bugs">2.4 4. Unit Level Bugs</a></li><li><a href="#5_System-Level_Integration_Bugs">2.5 5. System-Level Integration Bugs</a></li><li><a href="#6_Out_of_Bound_Bugs">2.6 6. Out of Bound Bugs</a></li><li><a href="#7_Security_Bugs">2.7 7. Security Bugs</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Common_Examples_of_Software_Bugs">3 Common Examples of Software Bugs</a></li><li><a href="#Impact_of_Software_Bugs">4 Impact of Software Bugs!</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Find_Underlying_Software_Bugs">5 How to Find Underlying Software Bugs?</a></li><li><a href="#Identify_and_Resolve_Bugs">6 Identify and Resolve Bugs!</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion">7 Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">8 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_the_most_common_type_of_software_bug">8.1 What is the most common type of software bug?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_the_classification_of_a_bug_in_testing">8.2 What is the classification of a bug in testing?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-a-software-bug">What is a Software Bug?</h2>



Software bugs are errors, flaws, deficiencies, or defects in a computer program or system that cause it to produce an incorrect or unexpected result or to behave in unintended ways.



<h2 id="h-different-types-of-bugs-in-software-testing">Different Types of Bugs in Software Testing:</h2>



Software bugs can be classified into multiple categories based on their nature and impact. Broadly speaking, these categories include Functional Bugs, Logical Bugs, Workflow Bugs, Unit Level Bugs, System-Level Integration Bugs, Out of Bound Bugs, and Security Bugs.



<h3 id="h-1-functional-bugs">1. Functional Bugs</h3>



Functional bugs refer to defects or issues in software applications that affect their intended functionality. These bugs can manifest in various ways, such as incorrect calculations, unexpected behavior, crashes, or unresponsive features. They can arise due to coding errors, inadequate testing, compatibility issues, or external factors like hardware limitations.



For example, for functional testing, let us consider a scenario wherein the user logs into their Testsigma account. The Email field within the login page fails to accept special characters like “@” and “.”, , triggering a functional defect in the form of an error message.



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/wGbyDNpHKGBOktYYYq2wMyll0XIcFXfg4LWN_kapKqUJVAXSmn2stEKc7tAad4haOOArZxCRYIrMgg5uXdFlCzVOLUPA40l3j_nEPsfJA6KyhtVztzKvVRDjVz2JfPTWIZ6HiFszuHC9" alt="Functional bug" /></figure>



 <h3 id="h-2-logical-bugs">2. Logical Bugs</h3>



Do you know Logical bugs are common in software development and can be quite challenging to identify and fix? Unlike syntax errors, which are relatively easy to spot due to their violation of the programming language&#8217;s rules, logical bugs occur when the code does not produce the expected output or behavior.



In the image shown below, the user&#8217;s action of clicking on the &#8220;Blog&#8221; page in Testsigma is depicted. It would be considered a logical bug if the user is redirected to the &#8220;Support&#8221; or any other page.



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/8VWWdDK-NnRIZnz_fvH_9X8PVMi8ZchO4aDjO2qubY_sn8FRRr9m2OxP93SmN5w2i8Dki2nPqoyeIzp3jjmN-yUYmkn9hJ-Qrv47waMbg8zPTK6oHhEFGFg1X3YQnp6U9SHgc89MCclT" alt="logical bug" /></figure>



 <h3 id="h-3-workflow-bugs">3. Workflow Bugs</h3>



This bug can be a major hindrance to productivity and efficiency in any organization. These bugs refer to glitches, errors, or bottlenecks within a workflow process, causing team members delays, confusion, and frustration.



Let&#8217;s consider an example to explain this concept. Upon accessing the website &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma.com</a> on the below-mentioned page, the user is expected to be redirected to the documents page upon clicking the &#8220;Doc&#8221; icon. However, this expected behavior does not occur. In that case, it can be inferred that a workflow bug exists within the system.



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/dwZattff_0AEIj5jppiIfSGzL_degsZmZB3gGrwZnykDYfWGxuOseRip0I4ZJPlO4p9gzMN3pq2LsEKukFNqB9xuH6CgsiVj1DbOuIP4YmDLFSyX2UG1EgtFKk98mgBm9pTaXg4cQ5h2" alt="workflow bug" /></figure>



 <h3 id="h-4-unit-level-bugs">4. Unit Level Bugs</h3>



Unit-level bugs refer to the defects or errors at the smallest testable component of a software system, known as a unit. These units can be functions, methods, classes, or modules. When developers write code, they break it into smaller units to make it more manageable and easier to test.



Explaining a unit-level bug through an example is a simple task. The image shows no action after clicking the &#8220;Schedule a Demo&#8221; button. Based on this observation, it can be concluded that the issue is a unit-level bug, which pertains to a defect that occurs at the smallest unit of code &#8211; a module, function, or statement.



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/fbPBDCi5jceOODQXQioHzfyNS2COD3thQLwgN3raQ0KBauLxruHW3zVV4FxxvR7oqd0zgog6k7j99GzzTJj_rgbifo_6yvcLBuQR0c3rXWBHMjNGXWyPKxUS2OCkF8b1cibsiJO-otJq" alt="Unit level bug" /></figure>



 <h3 id="h-5-system-level-integration-bugs">5. System-Level Integration Bugs</h3>



System-level integration bugs refer to the issues that arise when different components or subsystems of a complex system fail to work together seamlessly. These bugs can occur for various reasons, such as incompatible interfaces, module miscommunication, or inadequate testing.



Consider an example scenario &#8211;



Suppose we have a web application with multiple modules like user registration, login,&nbsp; checkout and payment processing. Different teams develop each module, which must be integrated for the application to function correctly. The application throws an error when the user clicks on “Proceed to Payment” &#8211; means the system failed where the checkout was integrated with payment. This will be an example of a system-level integration bug.



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/gkAzt_acii0beOnuyoeZ6ZbdmTmvxNQ5TyYZuc89uIp3qT5w7oY_fc502y0co7bmkL9zxGktQ119UnfcVy9FvcsD52XwRLHT-mZggY5Yh0_iiqTj1cJWMSYy-nbiB2GxVcIA8_eLL7L4" alt="system level integration bug" /></figure>



 <h3 id="h-6-out-of-bound-bugs">6. Out of Bound Bugs</h3>



Out Of Bound Bugs occur with logical and arithmetic errors exceeding the allowable boundaries of a specified operation.



Consider the following scenario in which a user attempts to schedule a Demo in Testsigma. Upon navigating to the TimeSlot page, the user incorrectly selects a date one day before the current date, July 18th, 2023. As a result, the Demo gets scheduled for July 17th, 2023, which is outside the acceptable range of dates. This can be categorized as an out-of-bounds bug.



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/_g9aj1Y_TfZ3aNgVWjcD442fjWmmbrhmQXeCuU4fx2PlTGOe3HH5nkRv08eGB6cSgdv-HMkDH66Tnqhk3V10Na2fzxtiiXiqXs5fuaDjsDG2e3oRx_wELuhkdw8W16tioQ5kpwD-QO4K" alt="Out of bound bug" /></figure>



 <h3 id="h-7-security-bugs">7. Security Bugs</h3>



These are persistent and concerning issues in the world of technology. These bugs refer to vulnerabilities or flaws in software, hardware, or systems that malicious actors can exploit to gain unauthorized access, steal sensitive information, disrupt services, or cause other harmful consequences.



So, here is an example of a security flaw. Look at the image below where the user enters the wrong combination login on Testsigma login page, it lets the user in! This is a major software flaw because it exposes the site to security risks. This will enable anyone to log in to the application. It&#8217;s a security bug.



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/ef6W57VoQG4IXtsuMvJFK094mdCwa8m7lD82gX16rqiePA7fZzEhUAx0dCcs-ikSztVeTPgd2UwRpGJbmfRAaZuR178OvOPoy8UWM9yvf6krzbnKyy8ooPvagntod-G3pGkzTO7pU0-M" alt="Security bugs
" /></figure>



 <h2 id="h-common-examples-of-software-bugs">Common Examples of Software Bugs</h2>



Software bugs are flaws within a program that prevents it from performing correctly and can be caused by design or coding errors. Common examples of software bugs include:&nbsp;



<ul><li>Unexpected program crashes</li><li>Results that don&#8217;t match expectations,&nbsp;</li><li>The program encountering an infinite loop,</li><li>Incorrect calculations,&nbsp;</li><li>Data missing from a database</li><li>Malfunctioning user interface elements,</li><li>Unresponsive API&nbsp;</li><li>Security vulnerabilities&nbsp;</li><li>Errors with file permissions&nbsp;</li><li>Unnatural slowness&nbsp;</li><li>Compatibility issues</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-impact-of-software-bugs">Impact of Software Bugs!</h2>



<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_bug">Software bugs</a> can have far-reaching consequences on software systems, businesses, and users alike. The following points outline the primary effects of software bugs:



1. Extended Development Time: Software bugs can lead to a prolonged development period, as they need to be found, identified, and corrected.



2. Increased Cost: Investigating and fixing software bugs can be expensive and time-consuming, increasing development costs.



3. Reduced System Quality: Bugs may prevent a software system from functioning properly, decreasing system quality.



4. User Frustration: Software bugs can create confusion, frustration, and dissatisfaction, leading to a poor user experience.



5. Regulatory Compliance Violations: Software bugs can sometimes cause a business to violate the applicable regulatory standards.



<h2 id="h-how-to-find-underlying-software-bugs">How to Find Underlying Software Bugs?</h2>



Finding underlying software bugs can be a daunting process for developers, but it can be done if it is done systematically. To find the underlying software bug, the following steps should be taken:&nbsp;



<ol><li>Begin bug-hunting via exploration of the features of the software: Test each feature and identify underperforming or unexpected behaviors; for example, within Testsigma Web Application, if we are testing the “login feature” &#8211; test the logging in/out process, and note any errors in the loading/saving/validation of data. </li><li>Carefully study the user interface: Explore every menu, every button, every page, etc., and look for inconsistencies and unexpected features. For example, within if we are testing the registration page for Testsigma application, you need to analyze the user interface for that page and ensure that all input fields are validated correctly. </li><li>Set up test plans: Set up user scenarios for various functions the software should have and thoroughly test each scenario. For example, when testing the registration process in Testsigma Web Application, create a plan to register a user, log out, log in back, and verify the login credentials are correct. </li><li>Make use of existing automation tools. Executing existing automation scripts and verifying if the executables are returning expected output can be immensely helpful in uncovering unknown software bugs. For these, you should use a test automation tool that goes well with your application. Testsigma is a <a href="https://testsigma.com/qa-automation-tools" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test automation tool</a> that lets you automate your tests for web, mobile, desktop and APIs, from the same place. It is a no-code test automation platform that makes it very easy to automate your tests in simple English.</li></ol>



 <button class="btn bg-primary cta-btn" style="margin: auto"><a href="https://testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color:#fff">Automate your tests, 10x faster, with Testsigma</a></button> 



<h2 id="h-identify-and-resolve-bugs">Identify and Resolve Bugs!</h2>



Finding and fixing bugs can be annoying, and it takes time and effort to go through your code carefully. But it can also be pretty cool! You might even feel like a detective on the case.



Identifying and resolving bugs involves various steps, such as:&nbsp;



1. Isolating the source of the bug.&nbsp;



2. Running through the code and looking for possible errors.&nbsp;



3. Make sure all parameters are correct and rerun the code.&nbsp;



4. Refactoring the code to ensure optimal performance.&nbsp;



5. Testing the code again to find any new potential bugs.



<h2 id="h-conclusion">Conclusion</h2>



Bug testing is an essential part of the software development process and helps to ensure that software is properly tested prior to launch. Identifying and resolving bugs during development is important to deliver a successful and user-friendly product. With a better understanding of common bugs, developers can take preventive measures and improve software quality.



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="h-what-is-the-most-common-type-of-software-bug">What is the most common type of software bug?</h3>



The most common type of software bug is coding errors, which are found in the code written to make the software operational. These errors may lead to crashed systems, unexpected errors, or incorrect output.



<h3 id="h-what-is-the-classification-of-a-bug-in-testing">What is the classification of a bug in testing?</h3>



Generally, bugs are classified as either major or minor, depending on their impact on the program. Major bugs should be prioritized and fixed immediately, while minor bugs may be addressed later.

Common Types of Bugs in Software Testing

As the tech sphere develops quickly, businesses must ensure their software and systems perform effectively. Feature testing is essential for organizations to find and fix potential issues in any new feature before the product gets to the users. Join us on this exciting journey to learning the various aspects of feature testing.&nbsp;



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_Feature_Testing">1 What is Feature Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#How_feature_tests_work_8211_Manual_and_Automated">2 How feature tests work &#8211; Manual and Automated</a></li><li><a href="#Advantages_of_Feature_Testing">3 Advantages of Feature Testing</a><ul><li><a href="#How_to_Effectively_Test_a_Feature">3.1 How to Effectively Test a Feature?</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Summary">4 Summary</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">5 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#How_do_you_perform_feature_testing">5.1 How do you perform feature testing?</a></li><li><a href="#What_do_features_mean_in_software_testing">5.2 What do features mean in software testing?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-feature-testing">What is Feature Testing?</h2>



Feature testing is essential to the development lifecycle because it helps identify any bugs, errors, or problems that might occur when using a particular feature. Feature Test is important when creating something new. It helps spot any issues that could arise when using a certain feature.&nbsp;



Feature testing is essential in delivering high-quality software. Some examples of tests during feature testing include:



<ul><li>Checking if a button works correctly,&nbsp;</li><li>Verifying data inputs are processed accurately or&nbsp;</li><li>Ensuring that different components interact seamlessly.</li></ul>



Next time you use a feature in an app or website and everything seems to work smoothly, remember that dedicated testers spent time testing that feature. That&#8217;s why you get a seamless user experience.



<h2 id="h-how-feature-tests-work-manual-and-automated">How feature tests work &#8211; Manual and Automated</h2>



Feature tests ensure that an app&#8217;s feature does what it should when it&#8217;s up and running.



Manual testing involves a human tester executing test cases to verify the software&#8217;s functionality. This approach is often used in the early stages of development when the features still need to be fully developed and still need to be stable for automation.&nbsp;



For example, let&#8217;s consider a scenario where we have developed a login feature for a web application. In manual testing, a tester would have a test plan to test the login feature thoroughly. It would include testing the login with valid and invalid credentials, all UI elements, and any other apt test.&nbsp;



<a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Automated testing</a> involves an automation tool executing test cases to verify the <a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Software_functionality" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">software&#8217;s functionality</a>. The following discussion presents an example of automated feature testing using Testsigma, a no-code test automation tool.&nbsp;



We aim to automate the data-driven functionality in Testsigma, which enables us to input data sets along with the values. First, we give that data to be tested.&nbsp;



The image below shows the test data profile used to run the test case. I have taken the Data Set as Things, and the Values are -The Guide, Gel Pen, and KIA, for example.



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/ATMGDVFtQ0aHdGdpywe7TST-0hexIIW-sLW8n0QUFAsYBnXvHDdsqikVyiBJFr3jt0zj-lSvuXJs9-jUGgEKZeIC6hVRGqFzgrtXqe-3KVRgXd-r5BqW4LZnxbYmChQSrSLZThzNK_k9" alt="Feature testing screenshot 1" /></figure>



In the below-shown image, you can see the extracted test data using @|parameter|- Thing [Data set- CAR; KIA-Value] &nbsp;in the test steps, and it is automated. You can also see the test case executed successfully and verified.&nbsp;



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/L8x5oMyKAqT43GEcM1oObvj5EsUYP8HRM-VOssCqW-3mzfSyhfWTUWHh0pr2LGY9EGaIUf2DT25S97MMUEFhmxgN1oTT7-2mIMzueR8HXzhEtPbLkBaHJX0ELg-8PiajNeoKXOO2rnKL" alt="feature testing screenshot 2" /></figure>



This illustrates the ease with which automation can build any feature.



So why wait? Give <a href="https://testsigma.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma</a> a try and enjoy stress-free feature testing!



Automate your feature tests for web, mobile, desktops and APIs, 10x faster, with Testsigma



<h2 id="h-advantages-of-feature-testing">Advantages of Feature Testing</h2>



Here you go:



<ol><li>Feature testing can be useful for finding any issues in the software before it goes public, ensuring it&#8217;s user-friendly and easy to use.&nbsp;</li><li>Feature testing can help spot inconsistencies and logic gaps in the application.&nbsp;</li><li>With Feature testing, testers can give feedback on specific features and suggest changes or improvements.&nbsp;</li><li>Believe it or not, feature testing can save us some development time and money.</li></ol>



Verifying the functionality of a feature before its release allows for more timely and cost-effective changes or fixes.



<h3 id="h-how-to-effectively-test-a-feature">How to Effectively Test a Feature?</h3>



Let me tell you some tricks to do it effectively.



<ol><li>Establish clear goals: Before starting a feature test, it is important to understand what the feature should do (functional requirements) and why. This should be clearly documented to ensure the proper use and measurement of the results.</li><li>Identify user scenarios: Identifying the user scenarios associated with the feature is also important to ensure that all possible expansions are tested.</li><li>Create a test plan: To ensure all possibilities are considered when considering the results.</li><li>Set up the environment: Set up the <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-environment/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test environment</a> with the feature installed and configured.</li><li>Execute the tests: In this step, you should execute the tests outlined in the Test plan. When testing, the first iteration will always be manual; once the feature is stable, it can be automated.&nbsp;</li><li>Document the results: For future use, you should detail the results to properly understand, communicate, and track any issues or successes.</li><li>Re-test based on results: If any issues occur during the testing, run more tests to address them and document the results.</li><li>Report the results and review: Once you&#8217;re done, report and review the results to ensure the feature works as expected.</li></ol>



<h2 id="h-summary">Summary</h2>



To wrap it up, feature testing is a must for software development. It lets you test the user experience and uncover areas for improvement specific to a feature. Only when a feature is thoroughly tested can integration and system testing be done successfully.



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="h-how-do-you-perform-feature-testing">How do you perform feature testing?</h3>



Feature testing involves thorough testing of a feature. It begins with a careful examination of the requirements, followed by test case creation and a focus on feature functions, UX, performance, and security during the testing.&nbsp;&nbsp;



<h3 id="h-what-do-features-mean-in-software-testing">What do features mean in software testing?</h3>



Features in <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/software-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">software testing</a> refer to a software application&#8217;s specific characteristics or functionalities that can be tested for quality assurance. They cover a range of behavior and activities that the application should be capable of performing as expected. For example, consider Facebook, a social media application, here for feature testing. Some of the features of this application could include:



1. Signing up: You must create an account as the first step, where you must give your personal information &#8211; name, email, password, etc.



2. News Feed: This is like your own personalized magazine that shows posts, pics, and updates from your friends and the pages you follow.



3. Messaging: You can slide into your friends&#8217; DMs and group chats here.



4. Sharing Photos and Videos: You can upload and share your favorite pics and videos with your friends on your profile.

Feature Testing- What It Is and How It Works

Feature Testing- What It Is and How It Works?

With the rapid growth of e-commerce, the payment gateway plays a critical role in ensuring seamless transactions between buyers and sellers. This blog post will delve deep into the test cases for testing payment gateways.



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_a_Payment_Gateway">1 What is a Payment Gateway?</a></li><li><a href="#Types_of_Payment_Gateway_Systems">2 Types of Payment Gateway Systems</a></li><li><a href="#Payment_Gateway_Testing">3 Payment Gateway Testing</a></li><li><a href="#Payment_Gateway_Test_Cases_Example">4 Payment Gateway Test Cases Example</a></li><li><a href="#Payment_Gateway_Testing_Automated_and_Manual_8211_Examples">5 Payment Gateway Testing: Automated and Manual &#8211; Examples</a><ul><li><a href="#Manual_Testing_Example">5.1 Manual Testing Example: </a></li><li><a href="#Automated_Testing_Example">5.2 Automated Testing Example: </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Importance_of_Testing_Payment_Gateways">6 Importance of Testing Payment Gateways</a></li><li><a href="#Testing_Types_for_Payment_Domain">7 Testing Types for Payment Domain</a></li><li><a href="#Checklists_While_Preparing_Test_Cases_For_Payment_Gateway">8 Checklists While Preparing Test Cases For Payment Gateway</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Test_Payment_Gateway_Complete_Checklist">9 How to Test Payment Gateway: Complete Checklist</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion">10 Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">11 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#How_to_do_API_testing_of_the_payment_gateway">11.1 How to do API testing of the payment gateway?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_a_payment_gateway_example">11.2 What is a payment gateway example?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-a-payment-gateway">What is a Payment Gateway?</h2>



So, you know when you buy stuff online and have to enter your bank details? Well, that&#8217;s where payment gateways come in! They&#8217;re like the middleman between you and the business you&#8217;re buying from. They make sure your payment info stays safe from sneaky hackers and fraudsters. Payment gateways connect your bank to the merchant&#8217;s bank so you can pay for stuff securely. It&#8217;s all about making sure your payments are safe and sound! Cool, isn&#8217;t it?



<h2 id="h-types-of-payment-gateway-systems">Types of Payment Gateway Systems</h2>



Listen up! You&#8217;ll need a payment gateway system if you&#8217;re trying to sell stuff online. It&#8217;s a safe way for customers to pay with credit or debit cards. The payment gateway makes sure everything goes smoothly between you and your customers. It&#8217;s like a bodyguard for your money and data during online transactions. Payment gateway systems protect customers from advanced attacks like <a href="https://www.identityguard.com/news/synthetic-identity-fraud" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">synthetic identity theft</a>, where someone can use their name and financial information to conduct transactions.



Hosted Payment Gateway



Hosted Payment Gateway is a third-party provider that hosts a payment gateway. Here is a payment processing system that enables customers to make payments directly on the hosted website. The customer enters their card details on the provider&#8217;s secure website, and the gateway processes the payment.



Shared Payment Gateway



Have you ever heard of a Shared Payment Gateway? So, a Shared Payment Gateway is a cool system that lets a bunch of different merchants use the same payment gateway for their online sales. This is perfect for online marketplaces that sell stuff from different vendors. It saves them time and money because they don&#8217;t have to set up separate payment gateways for everyone. Plus, it&#8217;s easy for customers to buy things because they only have one checkout process. The best part is that it&#8217;s secure and keeps all merchants&#8217; customer data safe.



<h2 id="h-payment-gateway-testing">Payment Gateway Testing</h2>



Payment gateway testing is when we check if our online payment system works properly. We want to ensure that our customers can pay without issues and that their information is safe and secure. We also make sure that the payment system works smoothly with other web applications. Lastly, we check to see if we&#8217;re following all the rules and regulations related to online payments. If the payment gateway tests pass, our customers can pay easily and safely.



<h2 id="h-payment-gateway-test-cases-example">Payment Gateway Test Cases Example</h2>



Here are some example test cases for testing payment gateways:



<ol><li>Check if the payment gateway can connect with the bank systems.</li><li>Ensure that the payment gateway allows users to enter their payment details securely.</li><li>Verify that users can initiate payments using valid credentials.</li><li>Validate if the payment gateway processes the payments accurately.</li><li>Test that the payment gateway responds to invalid credentials correctly.</li><li>Check if the payment gateway can capture payment details accurately.</li><li>Confirm the payment gateway returns the correct response codes for successful and unsuccessful payments.</li><li>Test the ability of the payment gateway to handle multiple simultaneous payments.</li><li>Verify that the payment gateway is integrated properly with the merchant system.</li><li>Ensure you do not store financial data after each payment processing session.</li></ol>



You must test and check the payment gateway regularly so it stays reliable and does its job right. 



Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-cases-for-banking-application/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Cases for Banking Application</a>



<h2 id="h-payment-gateway-testing-automated-and-manual-examples">Payment Gateway Testing: Automated and Manual &#8211; Examples</h2>



Let’s try to understand the manual and automated approaches better, with examples:



<h3 id="manual-testing-example">Manual Testing Example: </h3>



Let&#8217;s say you are manually testing all the payment options; 



Test Case: Check if the search page is displayed correctly on desktop 



Test Steps: 



1. Launch the web browser.



2. Navigate to the application&#8217;s search page. 



3. Verify that the page elements (e.g., search bar, search button, search results) are displayed as expected.



4. Resize the browser window to check for content and layout consistency. 



5. Check that images and text look and display correctly.



6. Ensure the page is fully loaded with all content.



7. Close the browser.



Expected result: The search page displays correctly on the desktop, with all elements and content displaying correctly. No layout issues appear.



<h3 id="automated-testing-example"><a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Automated Testing</a> Example: </h3>



Let&#8217;s say you want to automate one of the <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/what-is-test-case/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test case</a> to verify if all the payment options are displayed on the Payment Gateway page correctly. You can do that in <a href="https://testsigma.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma </a>using our Web Automation feature. 



Steps: 1. Log in to Testsigma and select a project. Give the project a Name.



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://images.storychief.com/account_36412/image_50407a7f1b42a33a0cd6dd9a58451288_2000.png" alt="Testsigma Test automation platform -Payment Gateway Test Cases" /></figure>



2. Now you can Create a New Test case &#8211; Click the + symbol- Choose Test Case from the dropdown.



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://images.storychief.com/account_36412/image_388ba7a2f591b700437f6d50c3e335af_2000.png" alt="2.Testsigma Test automation platform - Payment Gateway Test Cases" /></figure>



3. In “Create Test Case” page, give the Name and URL(URL of the page you must test). I have used a Demo Page(Letzpay.com) in this example.



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://images.storychief.com/account_36412/image_72b7c00b64c70d6914b72d7eafbc37a4_2000.png" alt="3 .Testsigma - Payment Gateway Test Cases" /></figure>



4. Click on the Record Steps button and begin the process. The webpage you have chosen will appear in a new window.



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://images.storychief.com/account_36412/image_3601b48cb83072d4c8de56876b2edf47_2000.png" alt="Testsigma - Test automation platform" /></figure>



5. You can see the Test steps are created automatically with the necessary Elements when I continue purchasing.



Here, we have taken a Demo project of a website where I will show you to purchase via UPID. You can also choose Net banking or Cards.



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://images.storychief.com/account_36412/image_21b9999b4fd00c9ae7ba0e67fb68d2ef_2000.jpeg" alt="Testsigma - Test automation platform" /></figure>



6. Here, for example, I chose to make my purchase using PhonePe. You can see the summary page too.



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://images.storychief.com/account_36412/image_9f5829428cf3b11f69711db668e78004_2000.jpeg" alt="Testsigma - Test automation platform" /></figure>



7. Once I click the Pay button, the QR code appears for me to scan.



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://images.storychief.com/account_36412/image_3b73a75124212e5dcdd88ff4fadbe8bc_2000.jpeg" alt="Testsigma - Test automation platform" /></figure>



8. Here, for example, after I scan the code, the payment gets processed successfully. That&#8217;s it. Now you can run the test.



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://images.storychief.com/account_36412/image_4fa1807a442956035dadc77394f4913b_2000.png" alt="Testsigma - Test automation platform" /></figure>



9. Execute the Test. Here you can see the System requirements I have chosen to execute this test case.



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://images.storychief.com/account_36412/image_bd8cfeb52f4b09d780d7d472cbf1bfdb_2000.png" alt="Testsigma - Test automation platform" /></figure>



10. The Result- Once all the steps are executed, you can see the Test Passed.



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://images.storychief.com/account_36412/image_45b9b81774ceae82b34750db886a6a72_2000.png" alt="Testsigma - Test automation platform" /></figure>



Note: Export the results as XLS, or PDF



Now, the test case will either pass or fail based on the result of the element visibility assertion. The test case will display an appropriate message in case of a failure. 



Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/app-failure/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Mobile App Failure</a>



This is just one example of Payment Gateway Testing that can be automated using Testsigma. Using Testsigma, the testers can create automated test cases, maintain their test suites and execute them with a single click. Testsigma is equipped with Mobile Device cloud and Desktop browsers to run the tests on different Operating Systems and Platforms.



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Automate your payment gateway tests for web as well as mobile, 10x faster 
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<h2 id="h-importance-of-testing-payment-gateways">Importance of Testing Payment Gateways</h2>



Testing Payment Gateways:



<ul><li>Ensures that transactions are processed accurately and securely.</li><li>It helps identify and resolve any technical issues or errors in the payment process.</li><li>Builds trust with customers by providing a seamless and reliable payment experience.</li><li>Protects against fraud and unauthorized transactions.</li><li>Helps businesses comply with industry regulations and standards for payment processing.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-testing-types-for-payment-domain">Testing Types for Payment Domain</h2>



As the payment domain covers various methods for financial transactions, it is important to understand the different types available. The most common types are:



Functional testing involves verifying that the payment system is working as intended. We ensure we process transactions correctly, accept payment methods, and appropriately handle errors or exceptions.



Security testing is necessary for any payment system. This type of testing involves identifying vulnerabilities in the system and ensuring that sensitive data is protected. It includes things like penetration testing, vulnerability scanning, and data encryption.



Performance testing ensures that the payment system can handle a high volume of transactions without slowing down or crashing. This involves stress testing, load testing, and capacity planning to ensure the system can handle peak usage times without issues.



Integration testing We need to perform <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/integration-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">integration testing</a> to ensure that the payment system integrates seamlessly with other systems, such as the website or mobile application.



Generally, thorough testing of the payment domain is essential to ensure a smooth and secure user experience for customers.



<h2 id="h-checklists-while-preparing-test-cases-for-payment-gateway">Checklists While Preparing Test Cases For Payment Gateway</h2>



When preparing test cases for a payment gateway, you must cover all possible scenarios to ensure the smooth functioning of the payment gateway.



<ol><li>Verify the payment gateway integration with the website or application.</li><li>Test payment methods like credit/debit cards, net banking, and digital wallets.</li><li>Ensure that the payment process is secure and encrypted to protect sensitive information.</li><li>Test for error handling scenarios such as incorrect card details or insufficient funds.</li><li>Verify that the transaction details are accurately recorded and displayed to the user after completion of the payment process.</li></ol>



<h2 id="h-how-to-test-payment-gateway-complete-checklist">How to Test Payment Gateway: Complete Checklist</h2>



Let us keep our checklist simple and easy! Here you go.



<ol><li>Test the payment gateway integration with your website or application to ensure it functions properly.</li><li>Verify that the payment gateway is compatible with all major web browsers and operating systems.</li><li>Conduct a test transaction using different payment methods (credit card, debit card, PayPal, etc.) to ensure each method works correctly.</li><li>Check for any errors or issues during the transaction process, such as timeouts or failed transactions.</li><li>Test the refund process to ensure that it is working correctly and refunds are processed in a timely manner.</li><li>Verify that the payment gateway is secure and meets industry data protection and encryption standards.</li><li>Test the payment gateway&#8217;s reporting functionality to ensure you can access accurate transaction data and reports.</li><li>Conduct load testing to ensure that the payment gateway can handle high volumes of transactions without any issues or slowdowns.</li><li>Verify that customer support is available and responsive in case of any payment-related issues or questions.</li><li>Ensure compliance, as it&#8217;s important to ensure that all payment processing is done in accordance with industry standards and regulations. This includes verifying the identity of customers, protecting their personal and financial information, and adhering to anti-money laundering laws.</li></ol>



Thats it! So, all these steps can help protect your business and customers from potential fraud and other risks.



<h2 id="h-conclusion">Conclusion</h2>



Well, that&#8217;s a wrap on our guide to payment gateway testing! We hope you found it helpful and informative. As we&#8217;ve outlined, payment gateway testing is crucial to ensure a smooth and secure payment process for your customers. Remember, testing is an ongoing process, so be sure to regularly test and update your payment gateway to ensure it continues to meet your customers&#8217; needs. Happy testing!



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="h-how-to-do-api-testing-of-the-payment-gateway">How to do API testing of the payment gateway?</h3>



<a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/api-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">API testing</a> of the payment gateway involves verifying that the API functions correctly and securely. This can be done by sending requests to the API and checking the responses for accuracy and consistency.



<h3 id="h-what-is-a-payment-gateway-example">What is a payment gateway example?</h3>



A payment gateway example is a service that authorizes payments for online merchants, allowing them to accept credit cards, electronic checks, and other customer payment methods. Examples of popular payment gateways include PayPal, Stripe, Apple Pay, Square, Amazon Pay, and Authorize.net.

Payment Gateway Test Cases A simplistic guide

Payment Gateway Test Cases: A simplistic guide

Edge case testing is <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/software-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">software testing</a> that verifies whether a system can handle extreme or out-of-ordinary scenarios considered unlikely to occur in normal usage. It helps ensure the system is robust and reliable and can handle unexpected situations gracefully. This blog post will explain what it is and why it&#8217;s so important.



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_are_edge_test_cases">1 What are edge test cases?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_an_edge_test_case_example">2 What is an edge test case example?</a></li><li><a href="#Why_are_edge_cases_important_to_consider">3 Why are edge cases important to consider?</a></li><li><a href="#Edge_case_testing_and_test_automation">4 Edge case testing and test automation</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Find_Edge_Cases_in_Software_Testing">5 How to Find Edge Cases in Software Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_do_edge_case_testing">6 How to do edge case testing?</a></li><li><a href="#Why_do_edge_case_testing_before_release">7 Why do edge case testing before release?</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_prioritize_edge_cases">8 How to prioritize edge cases?</a></li><li><a href="#Tips_for_edge_case_testing_in_your_development">9 Tips for edge case testing in your development</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion">10 Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">11 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_are_edge_and_corner_cases_in_testing">11.1 What are edge and corner cases in testing?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_the_difference_between_base_case_and_edge_case">11.2 What is the difference between base case and edge case?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-are-edge-test-cases">What are edge test cases?</h2>



Case testing, also known as edge case testing, is a form of software testing that focuses on testing for exceptional behavior or conditions found at the boundaries of a program or system. So these unusual or rare scenarios occur at expected input or behavior boundaries. They are often the result of incorrect assumptions about how the software will be used and can result in unexpected or incorrect responses from the system. Edge cases are important to consider in the development process to ensure that the system can handle a wide range of inputs while continuing to produce expected outputs.



So, you know those times when you close a video(reels) on Instagram, but the sound keeps playing in the background for a few seconds? That&#8217;s a classic example of an edge case!



<h2 id="h-what-is-an-edge-test-case-example">What is an edge test case example?</h2>



Let us look at a real-time example of an Edge case test case.



Scenario: Log in to a website



Test Data: Incorrect username or password when the &#8216;Log-in&#8217; button is pressed



Expected Result: The user should not be able to log in, and an error message should be displayed.



This example explains: this is a <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/what-is-test-case/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test case</a> designed to test the system&#8217;s response when incorrect username or password information is entered. The expected result of this test is that the user should not be able to log in. There will be an error message displayed. The tester can use this Edge Test Case to test the system&#8217;s functionality by entering any invalid input. This ensures the system is secure and the application provides the expected user experience.



<h2 id="h-why-are-edge-cases-important-to-consider">Why are edge cases important to consider?</h2>



If you want to know why edge cases are legit important, you must learn some cool facts first!



<ol><li>Edge cases can reveal flaws in a system or process that may not be apparent in typical scenarios. We can identify and address potential issues by considering edge cases before they become bigger problems.</li><li>Edge cases often represent real-world scenarios that may occur infrequently but still have significant consequences if not properly addressed. Considering these scenarios, we can ensure our systems and processes are robust enough to handle them.</li><li>Edge cases can also help us improve the user experience by identifying situations where users may encounter unexpected behavior or errors. Addressing these edge cases can make our systems more user-friendly and reduce user frustration.</li><li>Edge cases can seriously affect patient safety or financial stability in some industries, such as healthcare or finance. Viewing these scenarios, we can ensure that our systems and processes are designed to minimize risk and protect those who rely on them.</li></ol>



<h2 id="h-edge-case-testing-and-test-automation">Edge case testing and test automation</h2>



You should consider automating your edge case testing if you&#8217;re working with an application with a limited range of repeatable and controllable input values.



Test automation usually performs edge case testing to verify predetermined software outputs using automated tests. Automation testing ensures that a system meets the expected performance, quality, behavior, and configuration of the test case. Automated test scripts can detect problems that manual tests cannot identify. Teams often use <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">automated testing</a> to speed up test suites and to check edge cases on complex web applications and systems.



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<h2 id="h-how-to-find-edge-cases-in-software-testing">How to Find Edge Cases in Software Testing?</h2>



So, edge cases in software testing are scenarios outside the normal range of inputs and behaviors. They&#8217;re like the crazy outliers we must test for, just in case.



<ul><li>Sometimes, we must test things we did not expect or plan for. It&#8217;s like testing the quirky and rough things that could happen but probably won&#8217;t. You want to ensure the software can handle those roughest inputs and unexpected situations.</li><li>When testers have a lot of data to work with and think the tests might fail at the highest or lowest limits of the data, they use something called Boundary Value Analysis. This means we&#8217;re checking out the upper and lower limits of input data values because we reckon that&#8217;s where our test cases could go wrong. This technique works best when we&#8217;ve got a ton of test data.</li></ul>



Let&#8217;s say you&#8217;re testing a website that only allows for usernames with 6-12 characters. With boundary value analysis, you&#8217;d test the lower limit (6 characters), the exact limit (7 characters), and the upper limit (12 characters).



<ul><li>Next, there&#8217;s <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/equivalence-partitioning/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Equivalence Partitioning</a>. This one&#8217;s about breaking up a huge dataset into smaller chunks. If we pass any random value from a chunk, we can assume that we have covered the chunk and don&#8217;t need to test everything in it separately.</li></ul>



Let&#8217;s say you&#8217;re testing a website that only allows usernames with alphanumeric characters. You could partition this into two equivalence classes: all alphabetic characters and all numerical characters. You can then test one value from each of the two classes to ensure the website accepts numbers and letters.



<ul><li>A team of testers can do edge case testing manually, or specialized tools can automate it.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-how-to-do-edge-case-testing">How to do edge case testing?</h2>



Edge case testing is an important part of software testing that involves testing the system&#8217;s extreme or boundary conditions, often overlooked during regular testing. This testing can be done both manual and automated ways.



The Manual Way:



<ul><li>Identify the edge cases: The first step is to identify the edge cases for your application. This can be done by analyzing the requirements and specifications of the system.</li><li>Create test cases: Once you have identified the edge cases, create test cases that cover these scenarios. You should include inputs at or beyond the limits of what is expected in these test cases.</li><li>Execute test cases: Execute each test case manually and observe how the system behaves under these conditions.</li><li>Record results: Record the results of each test case, including any issues or defects found during testing.</li></ul>



The Automated Way :



1. Identify potential edge cases: The first step is to identify the potential edge cases in the system. This can be done by analyzing the requirements, user stories, and use cases.



2. Develop test scenarios: Once the potential edge cases have been identified, the next step is to develop test scenarios that cover these cases. These scenarios should be designed to test the system&#8217;s behavior under extreme conditions.



3. Use automation tools: Automation tools such as <a href="https://testsigma.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma</a>, Selenium, and Appium can automate the execution of these test scenarios. These tools can simulate user interactions with the system and verify its behavior under different conditions. 



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4. Analyze results: After executing the automated tests, it is important to analyze the results to identify any issues or defects that may have been uncovered. This analysis can help improve the system&#8217;s quality by identifying areas that need improvement or further testing.



<h2 id="h-why-do-edge-case-testing-before-release">Why do edge case testing before release?</h2>



You might wonder about this WHY question! I will explain why we do edge case testing before the release.



Before product release, edge case testing is important to check how the system behaves in extreme conditions. Unexpected behavior of a system can frustrate users and make them abandon the product. 



Edge case testing involves testing the system&#8217;s boundaries by entering values beyond normal use limits, such as providing an unusually large or negative input. This can identify and eliminate bugs or unexpected behavior in extreme use cases. Edge case testing can help provide customers with a smooth and seamless user experience.



<h2 id="h-how-to-prioritize-edge-cases">How to prioritize edge cases?</h2>



Prioritizing edge cases can be challenging because these are rare and unique scenarios. However, it is important to prioritize these cases as they can seriously impact the product&#8217;s user experience and overall functionality. One approach to prioritizing edge cases is considering their potential impact on user safety, legal compliance, and business goals. Also, gathering feedback from users and stakeholders can help identify which edge cases are most important to address.



<h2 id="h-tips-for-edge-case-testing-in-your-development">Tips for edge case testing in your development</h2>



Are you ready to grasp some tips to do this testing? Here you go:



1. Think from the perspective of your users &#8211; how would they use the app, what path would they follow, if they had to do something unexpected what would it be? 



2. Think of unlikely scenarios in terms of app usage and failures &#8211; like what if the battery died, what if a call came while app was being used, what if a notification came up.



3. Always have the mindset &#8211; if you can think it, the user can do it. So, never assume and always test for all possible user paths.



<h2 id="h-conclusion">Conclusion</h2>



So, there you have it &#8211; by finding, prioritizing, and testing edge cases, you can improve the overall quality of your product and increase customer satisfaction. So, don&#8217;t overlook the edge cases &#8211; they might be the key to your product&#8217;s success!



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="h-what-are-edge-and-corner-cases-in-testing">What are edge and corner cases in testing?</h3>



Developers perform edge case tests at the application&#8217;s or software&#8217;s boundary values. They also perform corner case tests at the intersection of multiple boundary values of the application or software.



<h3 id="h-what-is-the-difference-between-base-case-and-edge-case">What is the difference between base case and edge case?</h3>



We use base cases as the basis for solving more complex cases. Base cases are the simplest and most fundamental cases of a problem. Edge cases are specific, unusual cases of a problem that will cause the algorithm or system to break.

What Is an Edge Case Testing How To Find and Prioritize

What Is an Edge Case Testing? How To Find and Prioritize

When it comes to ensuring the quality of software, testing is essential. The testing process can vary depending on the application type being developed and its purpose. One form of testing used in software development is known as screenshot Testing, also sometimes known as <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/visual-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Visual Testing</a>. 



Screenshot testing is a term used for testing that involves taking a screenshot of the application&#8217;s user interface (UI). By taking screenshots of different software versions, and comparing them, it becomes easy to identify the visual changes and determine whether they are fair. 



This guide discusses screenshot testing, how it works, and how to perform the process on different platforms.



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_Screenshot_Testing">1 What is Screenshot Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#How_Does_Screenshot_Testing_Work">2 How Does Screenshot Testing Work?</a></li><li><a href="#Screenshot_Testing_with_Testsigma">3 Screenshot Testing with Testsigma</a></li><li><a href="#Advantages_of_Screenshot_Testing">4 Advantages of Screenshot Testing</a></li><li><a href="#Disadvantages_of_Screenshot_Testing">5 Disadvantages of Screenshot Testing</a></li><li><a href="#Tools_for_Performing_Screenshot_Testing">6 Tools for Performing Screenshot Testing</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion">7 Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">8 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_Screenshot_Testing_vs_UI_testing">8.1 What is Screenshot Testing vs. UI testing?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_Android_screenshot_testing">8.2 What is Android screenshot testing?</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_perform_Android_screenshot_testing">8.3 How to perform Android screenshot testing?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-screenshot-testing">What is Screenshot Testing?</h2>



In Screenshot testing, testers take screenshots of the application or website under test and compare them to the expected results. They can then identify discrepancies between the two and report them to developers for resolution. This process helps ensure the application or website meets design specifications and provides a positive user experience.



This testing is particularly useful when the UI of the application gets changed often and can point out the smallest of differences from the expected results very quickly.



<h2 id="h-how-does-screenshot-testing-work">How Does Screenshot Testing Work?</h2>



You take screenshots of the website or app in different environments like browsers, resolutions, and operating systems. Following these steps ensures that your website or application functions optimally and provides a positive user experience.



Here are the steps:



Step 1: Choose a Screenshot Testing Tool



The first step is to choose a Screenshot testing tool that suits your needs. Many options are available in the market, such as Testsigma, Applitools, Percy, and Cypress. Each tool has its unique features and benefits.



Step 2: Define Test Scenarios 



Once you have selected a tool, the next step is to define test scenarios. This involves identifying your application&#8217;s different pages or screens that need to be tested. You can also define specific actions that users might take on these pages.



Step 3: Capture Screenshots



After defining test scenarios, you must capture screenshots of each page or screen using the screenshot testing tool. This can be done manually or automatically, depending on your tool. These screenshots become the baseline for your screenshot tests.



Step 4: Compare Screenshots



Once you have captured the screenshots, the next step is to compare them. By comparing the screenshots, you can ensure that the UI is consistent with the expectation. This will help you identify any visual bugs or inconsistencies that may have been introduced during development or changes made to the page. 



Step 5: Resolving the Issue



After identifying any visual bugs or inconsistencies, addressing them promptly is important. This may involve making changes to the code or design of the page. Once the necessary adjustments have been made, repeating the comparison process is recommended to ensure the issues have been resolved. Tools like Testsigma, Applitools, Percy, and BrowserStack can automate this process and make it way faster to compare multiple screenshots simultaneously. 



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<h2 id="h-screenshot-testing-with-testsigma">Screenshot Testing with Testsigma</h2>



With Testsigma, you can perform this Testing for your web and mobile applications.



This Testing is default switched off for all test steps. Users have the freedom to turn it on only for the steps where they need visual validation.



1. How to Enable Testing for a Test Step



This testing can be configured for a test step on a test case details page or on a test step recorder. Below are the steps for doing the same:



<ol><li>Go to the step and click on step details.</li><li>Turn on the the Testing for the step using the setting &#8220;Visual Testing&#8221;(Screenshot Testing)</li><li>Testing validation is now on for this test step.</li></ol>



Alternatively, below is a gif demonstrating the above steps:



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://d37oebn0w9ir6a.cloudfront.net/account_36412/gif-visual-testing-edit-teststep_bbb35d85a5575be00763335b8bcc4bfb.gif" alt="visual testing" /></figure>



After you enable “visual testing” for a test step &#8211; Screenshot Testing becomes available only after the next successful run. This is because, to execute Screenshot testing, Testsigma needs a baseline image corresponding to the test step.



2. Bulk Update Steps 



Testsigma supports bulk steps updates to turn on/off Screenshot testing to save time and reduce redundant efforts.



You can select all the steps in the test case you want and turn on/the screenshot testing settings on/off in one go.



Below is a gif demonstrating bulk updates for enabling screenshot testing for multiple steps at once:



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://d37oebn0w9ir6a.cloudfront.net/account_36412/gif-visual-testing-bulk-update-test-steps_653cb3d80cdc02db9eb8f235ac156f5d.gif" alt="screenshot testing" /></figure>



<h2 id="h-advantages-of-screenshot-testing">Advantages of Screenshot Testing</h2>



This testing plays a vital role in ensuring the quality and accuracy of software applications. Here are some major advantages and disadvantages of this testing.



The advantages are:



<ol><li>Its primary benefit is to detect even the slightest differences in the graphical user interface between the expected and actual results.</li><li>Allows for fast testing to identify if there are major differences between expected and actual results.</li><li>It visually represents how the user will see the application and can detect UI-related errors.</li><li>Easy to use and set up compared to other <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">automated testing</a> methods.</li></ol>



<h2 id="h-disadvantages-of-screenshot-testing">Disadvantages of Screenshot Testing</h2>



The disadvantages are:



<ol><li>Not suitable for more complex applications with multiple user interactions, functionalities, and data sets.</li><li>It cannot detect logical defects in the application as it only captures what it is displaying.</li><li>It is a labor-intensive process as manual effort compares expected and actual results.</li></ol>



<h2 id="h-tools-for-performing-screenshot-testing">Tools for Performing Screenshot Testing</h2>



The must-to-know tools are here. Bookmark them:



1. Testsigma: <a href="https://testsigma.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma </a>is a web-based test automation platform for automated screenshot testing. It enables developers and QA teams to create, run and manage <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">automated tests</a> for web, iOS, and Android applications. It also supports <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/visual-regression-tests/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">visual regression tests</a> for UI components.



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img src="https://images.storychief.com/account_36412/image_91d3f999c6c9c9afb4ba379a195b8cc6_2000.png" alt="Testsigma screenshot" /></figure></div>



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2. Applitools Eyes: Applitools Eyes provides AI-driven visualization testing to compare web and mobile application interface images, detect visual UI differences, and report them as bugs. It is a cloud-based automated testing solution.



3. Kobiton: The cloud-based test automation platform, Kobiton, supports automated testing for Android and iOS applications. Kobiton offers access to real devices and browsers for testing, screenshot testing, and bug tracking.



4. Screenster: Developers can use Screenster, a cloud-based automated testing solution, to verify the accuracy of their web and mobile apps across browsers and devices. It records screenshots of each test run and allows developers to check for visual regression errors.



5. Percy: Percy is a visual testing platform designed to help QA teams identify visible changes in web and mobile applications. It uses screenshot data to compare images of the same page or element across different browsers, devices, and environments and provides feedback on any broken images or layout discrepancies.



<h2 id="h-conclusion">Conclusion</h2>



Here comes the finale! Screenshot testing is a simple and effective way to help ensure integrity, reliability, and accuracy. By using this method, teams can save time and resources and provide an improved user experience. This makes it an invaluable tool for testing and development.



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="h-what-is-screenshot-testing-vs-ui-testing">What is Screenshot Testing vs. UI testing?</h3>



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td>Screenshot Testing</td><td>UI Testing</td></tr><tr><td>This testing is usually done via automated tests</td><td>UI testing can be automated or can be done manually</td></tr><tr><td>It helps to verify the look, feel, and UI consistency across different versions of the same application.</td><td>Tests the functioning of <a href="https://developer.adobe.com/commerce/frontend-core/ui-components/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">UI components</a>, including buttons, checkboxes, and other elements.&nbsp; </td></tr><tr><td>Less time is required to conduct this type of testing.</td><td>It takes more time to complete the tests.&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Low cost and low effort&nbsp;</td><td>High cost and effort</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



<h3 id="h-what-is-android-screenshot-testing">What is Android screenshot testing?</h3>



Android screenshot testing is a way to test the UI of an Android app. With screenshot testing, users can check that everything looks how it should on all device sizes and configurations, ensuring the user experience is consistent across different devices. It&#8217;s helpful for developers because they can quickly find and fix any visual bugs in their app.



<h3 id="h-how-to-perform-android-screenshot-testing">How to perform Android screenshot testing?</h3>



Android screenshot testing involves capturing screenshots of an app on different devices and comparing the visuals against a baseline to spot any differences. It helps ensure UI consistency across various Android platforms.

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