
<p>Websites often feature forms with single-choice options, implemented using radio buttons. Unlike checkboxes allowing multiple selections, radio buttons permit only one choice. Typically, the accuracy of the data collected using the form depends on the radio button selection. If, for any reason, the radio button registers the wrong information even after the correct selection, the application under test could have issues. That is why even a simple-looking radio button needs to be tested properly using the right set of test cases for radio buttons.</p>



<p>Below is an example of a radio button:</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/fpu90mkz0WdMWhj4lYwwiNYCdP6H1hT8JR_NbWri1LaRSmkjgKiCpBB-Jr4H1TzAfR6dX-ED0r9sWY7RMbv5OKjldrQf4WFZ49Lgj-ITrLgknyZPOTbxm25d9uF3Wmyj4rznop9X4R6uakOvFAtmzMw" alt="radio button"/></figure></div>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_are_the_Test_Cases_for_Radio_Button"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> What are the Test Cases for Radio Button?</a></li><li><a href="#How_To_Write_Test_Cases_for_Radio_Button"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> How To Write Test Cases for Radio Button?</a><ul><li><a href="#Manual"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">2.1</span> Manual</a></li><li><a href="#Automated"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">2.2</span> Automated</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Two_Key_Aspects_to_Testing_a_Radio_Button"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Two Key Aspects to Testing a Radio Button</a></li><li><a href="#Test_Cases_For_Radio_Buttons"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Test Cases For Radio Buttons</a></li><li><a href="#Negative_Test_Scenarios_for_a_Radio_Button"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Negative Test Scenarios for a Radio Button</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">7</span> Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_a_radio_button_in_software_testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">7.1</span> What is a radio button in software testing?</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_check_if_the_radio_button_is_selected_in_Selenium"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">7.2</span> How to check if the radio button is selected in Selenium?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-are-the-test-cases-for-radio-button"><span id="What_are_the_Test_Cases_for_Radio_Button">What are the Test Cases for Radio Button?</span></h2>



<p>Test cases for radio buttons are essential to ensure the accuracy and reliability of single-choice options in web applications. When creating these <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/what-is-test-case/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test cases</a>, consider factors such as default selections, user interactions, and error handling.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Start with verifying that the radio buttons have a default selection if required. Test the ability to select and deselect options, ensuring that only one choice is allowed at a time. Check for proper labeling and alignment to guarantee a user-friendly experience. Validate that the radio buttons respond correctly to user actions and that they maintain their state after selections.&nbsp;</p>



<p><em>But wait, that’s not all:</em> test error conditions, such as clicking an already selected option, and assess how the system handles these scenarios.&nbsp;</p>



<h2 id="h-how-to-write-test-cases-for-radio-button"><span id="How_To_Write_Test_Cases_for_Radio_Button">How To Write Test Cases for Radio Button?</span></h2>



<p>Although radio buttons provide only a single, simple choice, users can still interact with them differently. To write radio button test cases, you have to consider all the possible ways a radio button can be used. Refer to edge cases, how the UI element displays in different browsers and screens, and how it functions when selected/unselected. But the work does not end here; you should also verify the button as a part of the larger user interface. All of these tests can either be executed manually or automatically.</p>



<h3 id="h-manual"><span id="Manual">Manual</span></h3>



<p><a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/manual-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Manual testing</a> of radio buttons involves human interaction to validate their functionality. Test cases for manual testing might include verifying that only one option can be selected at a time, checking default selections, and ensuring proper labeling.</p>



<h3 id="h-automated"><span id="Automated">Automated</span></h3>



<p><a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Automated testing</a> employs testing tools or scripts to verify radio button functionality. Automated test cases can include checking the behavior of radio buttons with different input data, validating error messages, and testing the responsiveness of radio buttons under various conditions.&nbsp;</p>



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<p><strong>Test Scenario:</strong> Verify Radio Button Functionality</p>



<p><strong>Objective:</strong> Ensure only one option can be selected at a time</p>



<p><strong>Test Steps</strong></p>



<p>1. Launch the <em>Simply Travel </em>application using Testsigma tool.</p>



<p>2. Select the ‘<em>One Way Trip</em>’ radio button.</p>



<p>3. Verify that &#8216;<em>One Way Trip</em>’ is selected.</p>



<p>4. Select the ‘<em>Round Trip</em>’ radio button.</p>



<p>5. Verify that ‘<em>One Way Trip’</em> is deselected and ‘<em>Round Trip</em>’ is selected.</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/UqKrgB29N1xeJbjMFic9SdgVg2upKUJ3FWjOB97takc0T-ek1fefB0eV_0gR7mht_EQh8l811FUzJHqSpX8WAej0UZ4r47RUa_xcaAThiVEG4sGd98Snps5TizSgF84KE4TkOOfT7H75giG21x1cl7E" alt="Radio button verification"/></figure></div>



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<h2 id="h-two-key-aspects-to-testing-a-radio-button"><span id="Two_Key_Aspects_to_Testing_a_Radio_Button">Two Key Aspects to Testing a Radio Button</span></h2>



<p>Testing a radio button typically involves two primary aspects: how it functions and looks.</p>



<p><strong>Functionality</strong>: This aspect focuses on ensuring that the radio button functions correctly. Test cases under functionality testing may include verifying that only one option can be selected at a time, checking default selections, confirming proper labeling, and handling user interactions appropriately.</p>



<p><strong>Responsiveness</strong>: The responsiveness aspect evaluates how the radio button displays and behaves under different conditions, such as varying screen resolutions or different user devices. It ensures that the radio button remains usable and visually appealing across a range of settings, contributing to a positive user experience.</p>



<h2 id="h-test-cases-for-radio-buttons"><span id="Test_Cases_For_Radio_Buttons">Test Cases For Radio Buttons</span></h2>



<ul><li>Verify that only one radio button can be selected at a time.</li><li>Check if the radio buttons are initially unselected.</li><li>Validate that clicking on the label associated with a radio button selects the button.</li><li>Confirm that selecting one radio button deselects any previously selected option.</li><li>Verify that keyboard navigation (e.g., using the &#8220;Tab&#8221; key) can select and deselect radio buttons.</li><li>Test the behavior when no radio button is selected, and the form is submitted.</li><li>Check if radio buttons maintain their state upon page refresh.</li><li>Test the functionality of radio buttons with default pre-selected options.</li><li>Verify the behavior of radio buttons with large labels or complex HTML structures.</li><li>Validate radio button behavior when they are disabled (should not be selectable).</li><li>Test radio button responsiveness at different screen resolutions (e.g., mobile, tablet, desktop).</li><li>Test radio button behavior on touch devices to ensure easy selection.</li><li>Verify the radio button&#8217;s appearance and functionality on various operating systems.</li><li>Test the radio button under different network conditions to ensure it loads and responds efficiently.</li><li>Check for visual consistency of radio buttons on different devices and browsers.</li><li>Verify the radio button&#8217;s behavior when it is placed inside a radio button group with multiple sets of options.</li><li>Test the radio button&#8217;s functionality in scenarios where there are more options than can fit within the visible viewport, ensuring proper scrolling or display mechanisms.</li><li>Validate that radio buttons work correctly in multi-page forms, maintaining their selections as users navigate through the pages.</li><li>Verify the radio button&#8217;s behavior when used in conjunction with other form elements, such as text fields or checkboxes, to ensure they do not interfere with each other.</li><li>Check how radio buttons behave when used within complex forms with conditional logic or dynamic changes based on user selections.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-negative-test-scenarios-for-a-radio-button"><span id="Negative_Test_Scenarios_for_a_Radio_Button">Negative Test Scenarios for a Radio Button</span></h2>



<p>Let’s look at some of the negative test scenarios for a radio button:</p>



<ul><li>Attempt to select multiple radio buttons within the same group simultaneously.</li><li>Try to select a radio button that is disabled.</li><li>Test what happens when selecting a radio button with no options available in the group.</li><li>Verify the behavior when pressing the &#8220;Enter&#8221; or &#8220;Space&#8221; key when the radio button is in focus but not selected.</li><li>Check if the radio button maintains its selection after the page refresh.</li><li>Attempt to submit a form with a required radio button not selected and verify the error message or validation response.</li><li>Try to interact with radio buttons using keyboard shortcuts not associated with selection (e.g., &#8220;Ctrl&#8221; or &#8220;Alt&#8221; keys).</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-conclusion"><span id="Conclusion">Conclusion</span></h2>



<p>As we come to the end of this post, let’s focus on different aspects of creating comprehensive test cases for radio buttons. It is essential to ensure the robustness and reliability of a software application. By meticulously examining functionality, responsiveness, and various scenarios, testers can identify and rectify potential issues before they reach end-users. Additionally, incorporating both <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/test-cases-for-manual-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">manual test cases</a> and automated testing approaches provides a thorough examination of the radio button&#8217;s behavior, contributing to the overall quality and effectiveness of the software.</p>



<p><em>Further reading:</em> <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-cases-for-registration-page/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test cases for Registration Page</a></p>



<p><a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-cases-for-api-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test cases for API Testing</a></p>



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions">Frequently Asked Questions</span></h2>



<h3 id="h-what-is-a-radio-button-in-software-testing"><span id="What_is_a_radio_button_in_software_testing">What is a radio button in software testing?</span></h3>



<p>In software testing, a radio button is a graphical user interface (GUI) element that allows users to make a single selection from a predefined set of options. The distinctive feature of radio buttons is that, within a group of radio buttons sharing the same name, only one option can be selected at a time. This makes radio buttons suitable for scenarios where users need to make mutually exclusive choices, such as selecting a gender or choosing a preference from a set of options.</p>



<h3 id="h-how-to-check-if-the-radio-button-is-selected-in-selenium"><span id="How_to_check_if_the_radio_button_is_selected_in_Selenium">How to check if the radio button is selected in Selenium?</span></h3>



<p>In Selenium, the <em>isSelected() </em>method is used to check if the radio button is selected. Here’s a part of the code in Java:</p>



<p>driver.get(&#8220;https://example.com&#8221;);</p>



<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>// Locate the radio button element using its XPath, ID, or other locator strategy</em></p>



<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WebElement radioButton = driver.findElement(By.id(&#8220;radioButtonId&#8221;));</p>



<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// Check if the radio button is selected</em></p>



<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if (radioButton.isSelected()) {</p>



<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;System.out.println(&#8220;Radio button is selected.&#8221;);</p>



<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;} else {</p>



<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;System.out.println(&#8220;Radio button is not selected.&#8221;);</p>



<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}</p>


Test Case For Radio Button &amp; How to Write It

Test Case For Radio Button & How to Write It?


<p><em>Response time should be measured in seconds, not minutes.</em></p>



<p>Every user interaction triggers an action with an expected response time. If the application takes too long to respond, there is definitely an issue that needs fixing. The longer the response time, the higher the abandonment rate. Figures show that more than half the users will leave the site if it takes more than three seconds to load (Source: Envisage Digital). Further, every one-second delay in web page response time results in 16% lower user satisfaction. Clearly, fast response time is critical, which brings us to our topic: response time testing. Let’s see how you can measure and improve the response time of your application through proper testing.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_Response_Time_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> What is Response Time Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#Why_is_Response_Time_Important"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Why is Response Time Important?</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Measure_Response_Time"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> How to Measure Response Time?</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Interpret_Response_Time"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> How to Interpret Response Time?</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Improve_Response_Time"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> How to Improve Response Time?</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Benchmark_Response_Time"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> How to Benchmark Response Time?</a></li><li><a href="#Types_of_Response_Metrics"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">7</span> Types of Response Metrics</a></li><li><a href="#Three_Important_Response_Time_Values"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">8</span> Three Important Response Time Values</a></li><li><a href="#Response_Time_Testing_Advantages_and_Disadvantages"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">9</span> Response Time Testing Advantages and Disadvantages</a></li><li><a href="#Response_Time_Testing_Tools"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">10</span> Response Time Testing Tools</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">11</span> Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">12</span> Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_an_example_of_response_time"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">12.1</span> What is an example of response time?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_the_response_time_in_performance_testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">12.2</span> What is the response time in performance testing?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-response-time-testing"><span id="What_is_Response_Time_Testing">What is Response Time Testing?</span></h2>



<p>Response time testing is verifying the time it takes for a software system to respond to a user&#8217;s request or input. It measures the system&#8217;s performance by assessing how quickly it delivers a response under varying loads and conditions. With this type of testing, you can readily identify bottlenecks that contribute to lower user satisfaction and higher load time. For instance, in a web application, response time testing would measure the time it takes for a webpage to load after a user clicks a link. This testing helps ensure that the system is responsive and meets performance expectations.</p>



<h2 id="h-why-is-response-time-important"><span id="Why_is_Response_Time_Important">Why is Response Time Important?</span></h2>



<p>Multiple reasons play a role in showing how important response time is; for starters, it is a highly critical metric in measuring the performance and usability of a system. And as customers expect faster and more accurate responses, another extremely important parameter to look at is user satisfaction and experience. If more and more users are happy with your system, the response time must be in milliseconds or so. So, a better response time prevents users from losing interest and moving away to a better system. All of this, in turn, contributes to achieving outlined business outcomes and goals, preferably within the time frame and budget.</p>



<h2 id="h-how-to-measure-response-time"><span id="How_to_Measure_Response_Time">How to Measure Response Time?</span></h2>



<p>The response time of any application depends on its performance. Testers check response time in <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/performance-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">performance testing</a> for the system under realistic and high load conditions to track the time difference between input and output requests. In addition, you can also determine error rate, resource consumption, throughput, and latency parameters to identify which of these add to increased response time.</p>



<p>Automation test tools emerge as a useful part of this process. They track the response time to its accurate value and record the time frame between user request and application response. However, it is possible for different tools to provide varying results, but an average of all these outcomes should help you measure the response time of your system.</p>



<h2 id="h-how-to-interpret-response-time"><span id="How_to_Interpret_Response_Time">How to Interpret Response Time?</span></h2>



<p>Different applications and scenarios impact the response time interpretation. Let’s look at how:</p>



<p>A website with a 1.2-second load time has an excellent response time; however, the same cannot be said for an application that provides real-time financial information. Similarly, the 1.2 seconds response time for a video streaming service is vastly longer. So, you first need to clearly define the expectations to interpret response time as per the type of the system. Once it becomes understandable that various software has differing expected response times, you can easily gear the testing process in the right direction to achieve the utmost business objectives and industry standards.</p>



<h2 id="h-how-to-improve-response-time"><span id="How_to_Improve_Response_Time">How to Improve Response Time?</span></h2>



<p>By simply identifying the root cause of delay and eliminating them at the earliest! Yet, the thought is far easier than it is in action. The good news is that there are multiple proven and useful methods to improve response time, starting with response time testing. Only when you check and monitor the response time can you see the reasons for a higher response for any user interaction. Some of the strategies that have always been known to prove themselves useful are tracing the factors that contribute to higher response time, debugging the issue accurately, defining the problem, and logging and monitoring the learnings in detail. All these steps help in diagnosing and optimizing the response time to the expected time frame.</p>



<h2 id="h-how-to-benchmark-response-time"><span id="How_to_Benchmark_Response_Time">How to Benchmark Response Time?</span></h2>



<p>You know that the time to respond should be low, but by how much? Often, evaluating the current response time against a set benchmark helps. By following a reference point, you can measure and improve the interaction time of your application to improve customer satisfaction and industry competition. We suggest that you accumulate trusted resources to get an idea of the current industry standards for the response time. For starters, you can rely on research papers, recent statistics, customer reviews, case studies, and user feedback. Even some tools help. Two of the most popular are <a href="https://www.webpagetest.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">WebPageTest</a> and Google’s <a href="https://pagespeed.web.dev/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">PageSpeed Insight</a>.&nbsp;</p>



<h2 id="h-types-of-response-metrics"><span id="Types_of_Response_Metrics">Types of Response Metrics</span></h2>



<p>Response metrics in software testing encompass various aspects of a system&#8217;s performance. Some common types of response metrics include:</p>



<ul><li><strong>Average Response Time:</strong> The time it takes for the system to provide a response to a user&#8217;s request or action.</li><li><strong>Maximum Response Time:</strong> This metric represents the maximum time the system takes to respond to a user request. It helps identify the absolute worst-case scenario for response time.</li><li><strong>Error Rate:</strong> The frequency of errors or failed requests during testing, expressed as a percentage of the total requests.</li><li><strong>Peak Performance:</strong> Measuring the highest level of performance that the system can achieve under ideal conditions.</li><li><strong>Throughput:</strong> The number of transactions or requests the system can process in a unit of time, often measured in requests per second.</li><li><strong>Resource Utilization:</strong> Monitoring CPU, memory, disk, and network usage to assess how resources are consumed during testing.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-three-important-response-time-values"><span id="Three_Important_Response_Time_Values">Three Important Response Time Values</span></h2>



<p>There are three key response time testing values that highlight the performance of a system in general:</p>



<ul><li><strong>0.1 second: </strong>An application responding in 0.1 seconds is considered to be ideal with the perfect response time. It shows that there are no performance issues.</li><li><strong>1 second: </strong>A response time of 1 second is acceptable if it does not go beyond this time limit. Users may expect some delays but no halt or breakdown in the interaction.</li><li><strong>10 seconds: </strong>It goes without saying that the response time of 10 seconds is highly unacceptable. In any case, the time limit should not exceed 10 seconds, considered to be the maximum time to respond, or users will experience interaction issues over a long period.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-response-time-testing-advantages-and-disadvantages"><span id="Response_Time_Testing_Advantages_and_Disadvantages">Response Time Testing Advantages and Disadvantages</span></h2>



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Advantages</strong></td><td><strong>Disadvantages</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Identifies performance issues and reveals bottlenecks that could impact user experience.</td><td>Comprehensive response time testing requires substantial hardware and software resources.</td></tr><tr><td>Ensures that response times meet user expectations, enhancing user satisfaction.</td><td>Analyzing response time data and diagnosing issues can be intricate and time-consuming.</td></tr><tr><td>Provides a baseline for system performance and helps set performance standards.</td><td>Test environments may not fully replicate real-world usage, leading to inaccurate results.</td></tr><tr><td>Enables early detection and mitigation of performance-related problems.</td><td>Conducting comprehensive response time testing can be expensive, especially for large-scale systems.</td></tr><tr><td>Assesses the system&#8217;s performance under various user load levels, aiding scalability planning.</td><td>While response time testing can identify issues, it may not predict all real-world performance scenarios.</td></tr><tr><td>Identifies areas that need performance tuning and optimization.</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



<h2 id="h-response-time-testing-tools"><span id="Response_Time_Testing_Tools">Response Time Testing Tools</span></h2>



<p>Several tools are available in the market that support your response time test efforts with automation. Some are no-code and low-code that are becoming popular now owing to requiring less time for test creation and execution.</p>



<ul><li><strong>Apache JMeter:</strong> Apache JMeter is a popular open-source tool for performance and load testing. While it offers a user-friendly GUI, creating complex test scenarios often requires scripting in JMeter&#8217;s proprietary language, which is a form of coding. This allows for highly customized response time testing but demands coding skills.</li><li><strong>Gatling:</strong> Gatling is an open-source load testing tool that utilizes the Scala programming language for test script creation.&nbsp;</li><li><strong>LoadNinja:</strong> LoadNinja is a cloud-based load-testing tool that offers a scriptless, codeless test creation approach. Testers can record user interactions in a browser and then use these recordings to create load tests, including response time measurements.</li><li><strong>NeoLoad:</strong> NeoLoad provides a no-coding approach to creating and running performance tests. Testers can design complex scenarios and measure response times without writing extensive code.</li><li><strong>Testsigma:</strong> Testsigma offers end-to-end <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-web-application-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">automated web testing</a> along with mobile and API testing. However, the tool can be used to measure and monitor response times for individual test cases. It assesses response times for specific functional tests as part of your overall testing strategy, all without any coding.</li></ul>



<p><a href="https://testsigma.com/request-demo" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Schedule a demo</a> with us to see how Testsigma can help measure response time for your application</p>



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<h2 id="h-conclusion"><span id="Conclusion">Conclusion</span></h2>



<p>Response time is a performance metric that influences user satisfaction to a high level. If your application is slow to respond, you are likely to lose a fair share of market value and customer trust instantly. Testing response time improves these factors by a tremendous amount. Your users will not shy away from coming back, which will improve your market presence.</p>



<p>Include response time testing as an essential step of your testing process to enhance the overall performance of the application.</p>



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions">Frequently Asked Questions</span></h2>



<h3 id="h-what-is-an-example-of-response-time"><span id="What_is_an_example_of_response_time">What is an example of response time?</span></h3>



<p>A typical example of response time testing is assessing the time it takes for a web application to respond to a user&#8217;s search query. For instance, when a user enters a search term and clicks &#8220;<em>Search</em>&#8221; on an e-commerce website, the time from the click to the display of search results is measured. If the response time falls within acceptable limits, it ensures a positive user experience.</p>



<h3 id="h-what-is-the-response-time-in-performance-testing"><span id="What_is_the_response_time_in_performance_testing">What is the response time in performance testing?</span></h3>



<p>Response time in performance testing measures how long a software system takes to respond to a user request. It assesses system performance, user experience, and compliance with performance requirements.</p>


Response Time Testing – What it is How to Measure it

Response Time Testing – What it is &  How to Measure it?


<p>Jay Samit, the ex-Vice Chairman of Deloitte Digital, once famously quoted that ‘<em>Design is how you make your first impression with your consumers. Make sure it is a lasting one.’ </em>One can argue that user interface and website design are two separate entities, but the difference is still minute. And if you are to make the best first impression among your users, focus on quality UI. This blog guides you through how to test and create the UI your customers will appreciate and remember with a list of useful UI test cases.&nbsp;</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_UI_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> What is UI Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#What_are_UI_Test_Cases"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> What are UI Test Cases?</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Write_UI_Test_Cases"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> How to Write UI Test Cases?</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Run_UI_Test_Cases"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> How to Run UI Test Cases?</a></li><li><a href="#Manual_and_Automated_UI_Test_Case_Examples"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Manual and Automated UI Test Case Examples</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Automate_UI_Test_Cases_with_Testsigma"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> How to Automate UI Test Cases with Testsigma?</a></li><li><a href="#9_User_Interfaces_Test_Cases_Useful_for_Testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">7</span> 9 User Interfaces Test Cases Useful for Testing</a></li><li><a href="#Best_Practices_to_Write_UI_Test_Cases"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">8</span> Best Practices to Write UI Test Cases</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">9</span> Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_the_difference_between_UI_testing_and_GUI_testing"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">9.1</span> What is the difference between UI testing and GUI testing?</a></li><li><a href="#How_do_you_write_test_cases_for_UI_changes"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">9.2</span> How do you write test cases for UI changes?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-ui-testing"><span id="What_is_UI_Testing">What is UI Testing?</span></h2>



<p>UI testing is the process of checking the user interface of the software. The purpose of UI testing is to make sure that all the visible and interactive elements on the screen, such as menus, buttons, icons, and more, work appropriately. For instance, a clickable button on the Testsigma homepage, like ‘<strong>Try Testsigma Cloud</strong>’ is a UI element that requires testing to function properly.</p>



<p>Some of the other UI objects are images, gifs, texts, font sizes, dropdowns, checkboxes, font color, and tables on a webpage.</p>



<p><strong>Read all about <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/ui-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">UI Testing</a></strong></p>



<h2 id="h-what-are-ui-test-cases"><span id="What_are_UI_Test_Cases">What are UI Test Cases?</span></h2>



<p>UI test cases are the list of tests that focus on verifying the functionality and behavior of a software application&#8217;s user interface. These test cases ensure that the application&#8217;s graphical elements, such as buttons, menus, forms, and visual components, work as expected and provide a positive user experience. GUI test cases include functional UI testing, layout and design testing, <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/navigation-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">navigation testing</a>, input validation and error-handling testing, and <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/usability-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">usability testing</a>.<gwmw style="display:none;"></p>



<h2 id="h-how-to-write-ui-test-cases"><span id="How_to_Write_UI_Test_Cases">How to Write UI Test Cases?</span></h2>



<p>To understand how to create UI test cases, let’s take an example of the <a href="https://testsigma.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma</a> homepage. The webpage has multiple interactive and visible UI elements that we can reference for this task. You can refer to the below UI test case examples for general use.</p>



<ul><li>Test if the user can navigate to the homepage.</li><li>Check if the page is displaying correctly without any broken elements, such as images or text.</li><li>Verify that the user can click on various buttons present on the page, like <em>Schedule a demo, Try Testsigma Cloud, Learn more, </em>and <em>Start a Free Trial.</em></li><li>Test if the menu dropdown is accessible to the user.</li><li>Test if the user can click on several options available under the menu tab.</li><li>Verify that the links added in the page footer are clickable by the user.</li><li>Verify that the page title is displayed at the top.</li><li>Test that any new links or images added to the page do not break the existing UI.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-how-to-run-ui-test-cases"><span id="How_to_Run_UI_Test_Cases">How to Run UI Test Cases?</span></h2>



<p>Once you have a list of UI test cases, running them comes as the next step. Testers either choose manual or <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/automated-ui-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">automated UI testing</a> options to execute tests. Keeping both these approaches in mind, we give you sequential steps to running GUI test cases:</p>



<ul><li><strong>Understand Requirements:</strong> Familiarize yourself with design and functional requirements.</li><li><strong>Identify <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/test-scenario/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Scenarios</a>:</strong> List scenarios, user interactions, and workflows.</li><li><strong>Prioritize Test Cases:</strong> Rank cases based on criticality and usage.</li><li><strong>Create Test Cases:</strong> Craft clear test cases with titles, steps, data, and expected outcomes.</li><li><strong>Include Data:</strong> Specify input values, credentials, and expected data.</li><li><strong>Handle Variations:</strong> Cover diverse data and edge cases.</li><li><strong>Document UI Elements:</strong> Clearly identify elements to interact with.</li><li><strong>Test Data and Environment:</strong> Specify test data and the testing environment.</li><li><strong>Sequence and Flow:</strong> Ensure logical sequence for user workflows.</li><li><strong>Assertions:</strong> Define verifications to match expected and actual UI elements.</li><li><strong>Negative Scenarios:</strong> Include error-triggering tests for validation.</li><li><strong>Screenshots:</strong> Attach images to clarify the expected UI appearance.</li><li><strong>Review and Validation:</strong> Ensure accuracy, clarity, and completeness.</li><li><strong>Data Preparation:</strong> Provision required test data and configurations.</li><li><strong>Automation Consideration:</strong> Identify opportunities for UI test automation.</li><li><strong>Documentation:</strong> Maintain organized test case documentation.</li><li><strong>Execution Plan:</strong> Plan test execution in the designated environment.</li><li><strong>Execution and Reporting:</strong> Execute, record results, and report defects.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-manual-and-automated-ui-test-case-examples"><span id="Manual_and_Automated_UI_Test_Case_Examples">Manual and Automated UI Test Case Examples</span></h2>



<p>As we move toward putting the list of tests into the execution phase, understanding manual and automated approaches is important. This way, testers can easily differentiate on which tests to run manually or automatically.</p>



<p>Let’s take a look at manual test cases for a login scenario.</p>



<ul><li>Verify that the user can access and enter details into login fields: username and password.</li><li>Test login with an incorrect username and ensure the appropriate error message is displayed.</li><li>Test logging in with both the username and password fields left empty and confirm that a relevant error message is displayed.</li><li>Verify that the login page displays a warning if the Caps Lock key is on during password entry.</li><li>Check if the ‘<em>Remember Me</em>’ button is clearly visible to the user.</li><li>Check if the <em>‘Remember Me</em>’ button is interactive and clickable.</li><li>Test the integration with social login providers (e.g., Google, Facebook) and ensure users can log in using those options.</li><li>Simulate a session timeout and verify that the user is redirected to the login page with an appropriate message.</li><li>Check the login page&#8217;s responsiveness on various devices (e.g., smartphones and tablets) to ensure it functions and displays correctly.</li><li>Test for various error conditions, such as server unavailability, and ensure user-friendly error messages are displayed.</li><li>Ensure that the login page aligns with the branding and design guidelines, including logo placement and color schemes.</li></ul>



<p>The same test cases can be automated using an automation tool, such as Testsigma. It is a no-code, AI-powered, cloud-based test automation platform that supports end-to-end tests 10x faster for automated web, mobile apps, &amp; APIs.&nbsp;</p>



<p><a href="https://testsigma.com/request-demo" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Book a demo here</a> to learn more.</p>



<h2 id="h-how-to-automate-ui-test-cases-with-testsigma"><span id="How_to_Automate_UI_Test_Cases_with_Testsigma">How to Automate UI Test Cases with Testsigma?</span></h2>



<p>One of the best ways to learn how to execute test cases using a tool is to see it in action. Suppose you wish to check the UI elements on a login page; here is how you can use Testsigma for that:</p>



<p><p style="padding-bottom:30px"><strong>Step 1:</strong> Log into your Testsigma account and create a new Test Case for verifying the UI of the login page.</p></p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/-EjAaLmoLtXv9cuMIBUXW_WG1QTHIU44v6qh26sjz59D_sROlwbDu3VBX0InhZC49vXrxJBNBuqW3Plt40Rft7P6MHJX1eh1J8MNOjRyrD95wuUxUGNW-bG093v5vO2cco5YGMZcftRXlnocW7t1TNY" alt="Useful UI Test Cases for Testing"/></figure></div>



<p><p style="padding-top:30px"><strong>Step 2:</strong> Develop the test steps using the appropriate NLPs using the multiple options available in the drop-down. You can either use the <em>Record and Playback </em>option or write the tests yourself.</p></p>



<p><p style="padding-bottom:30px">Here, we are simply verifying if the elements are present on the page.</p></p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/wMeJKoz0Qdi-FRELdNkfrhmOgJRXkdW7mfn9XDJ3W2YAOhMuutD14WNeOY9QlN9kbP9oicmiq_pRy4xuTpyzVzdFWQrNr3fMSs8Pr9RM0ntVuCH4MH8yT3ekmP4TLw4xbZe5y8NrLvtUKQZQ_N-uqTs" alt="Useful UI Test Cases for Testing"/></figure></div>



<p><p style="padding-top:30px"><strong>Step 3:</strong> After test case creation is complete, click on <em>Run</em>. You will get a screenshot and a video, which you can analyze for a better understanding of the test cases.</p></p>



<p>In the above example, we are simply verifying the availability of the UI elements on the web page. You can write more test cases to validate the functionality of these elements for further UI testing of the webpage.</p>


<p><button class="btn bg-primary cta-btn" style="display: block;
    margin: auto;"><a href="https://testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color:#fff">Automate your UI tests for web, mobile and desktop applications, 10x faster, with Testsigma</a></button></p>


<h2 id="h-9-user-interfaces-test-cases-useful-for-testing"><span id="9_User_Interfaces_Test_Cases_Useful_for_Testing">9 User Interfaces Test Cases Useful for Testing</span></h2>



<p>There are multiple UI test cases that cover a wide range of webpage elements and their functionality. Here are the 9 essential UI test cases useful for testing an online application:</p>



<p><strong>Login Page Validation:</strong></p>



<ul><li>Test valid and invalid login credentials.</li><li>Verify error messages for incorrect inputs.</li><li>Check the &#8220;Remember Me&#8221; functionality.</li></ul>



<p><strong>Navigation Testing:</strong></p>



<ul><li>Verify navigation menus and links.</li><li>Test page redirections and ensure they work as expected.</li></ul>



<p><strong>Form Data Entry:</strong></p>



<ul><li>Test form fields for data entry.</li><li>Validate input restrictions, such as character limits.</li><li>Verify the behavior of optional and required fields.</li></ul>



<p><strong>User Profile Management:</strong></p>



<ul><li>Test user profile creation, editing, and deletion.</li><li>Verify password changes and email updates.</li></ul>



<p><strong>Search Functionality:</strong></p>



<ul><li>Test search bars and filters.</li><li>Confirm that search results match the query.</li></ul>



<p><strong>Data Display:</strong></p>



<ul><li>Verify the correct display of data, including text, images, and tables.</li><li>Ensure proper sorting, pagination, and filtering.</li></ul>



<p><strong>File Upload and Download:</strong></p>



<ul><li>Test file upload functionality.</li><li>Verify that uploaded files are accessible and downloadable.</li></ul>



<p><strong>Responsive Design:</strong></p>



<ul><li>Test the application on various screen sizes and devices.</li><li>Confirm that the layout adapts for mobile and desktop users.</li></ul>



<p><strong>Error Handling:</strong></p>



<ul><li>Test for error scenarios, such as 404 pages.</li><li>Ensure that user-friendly error messages are displayed.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-best-practices-to-write-ui-test-cases"><span id="Best_Practices_to_Write_UI_Test_Cases">Best Practices to Write UI Test Cases</span></h2>



<p>Creating effective test cases is the secret behind producing a quality product at lightning-fast speed. Irrespective of the testing type, following a set standard to write and execute test cases helps to manage the testing process properly. Take a look at some of these best practices to elevate your testing efforts for writing UI test cases:</p>



<ul><li>The first rule of producing quality software is attempting to achieve 100% test coverage. It means including complete requirements, test scenarios, features, functional and non-functional components, and more.</li><li>Try to focus on the priority and risk-prone areas at first before taking care of the rest of the application features.</li><li>Prioritize your UI test cases based on the 80/20 rule (Pareto Principle). Identify the 20% of features or functionality that are critical to the application&#8217;s performance and user experience. Focus your testing efforts on these high-impact areas to maximize <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-coverage/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test coverage</a> and efficiency.</li><li>Be clear about which test cases need manual intervention and which can be run automatically.</li><li>Choose a UI automation tool that supports your testing efforts and approach.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions">Frequently Asked Questions</span></h2>



<h3 id="h-what-is-the-difference-between-ui-testing-and-gui-testing"><span id="What_is_the_difference_between_UI_testing_and_GUI_testing">What is the difference between UI testing and GUI testing?</span></h3>



<p>UI testing checks the functionality and behavior of user interactions, ensuring that elements like buttons and forms work correctly. <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/gui-testing-checklist/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">GUI testing</a>, a subset of UI testing, specifically checks the visual elements, like layout, design, and alignment.</p>



<h3 id="h-how-do-you-write-test-cases-for-ui-changes"><span id="How_do_you_write_test_cases_for_UI_changes">How do you write test cases for UI changes?</span></h3>



<p>To write effective test cases for UI changes, begin by understanding the nature and scope of the changes. Identify the affected areas and update or create new test cases accordingly. Verify the compatibility of the changes across browsers and devices and assess responsiveness. Test data entry, user interactions, error handling, and conduct <a href="https://testsigma.com/regression-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">regression testing</a>. Document the expected outcomes, update test data if needed, and review, refine, and execute the test cases.</p>



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9 Useful UI Test Cases for Testing User Interfaces

10 Different Types Of QA Testing You Must Know

What Is Intelligent Test Automation & Analytics

What Is Intelligent Test Automation & Analytics?

Test Case Specification Everything You Need to Know

Test Case Specification: Everything You Need to Know


<p>Of late, a tremendous change has swept across the banking domain: users are demanding ease of use, personalization, and 24/7 access to banking services. Surely, these financial institutes are responding positively to such a revision in customer behavior, yet it is not always easy. Because when you promise to comply to deliver exceptional assistance (round the clock), ensuring utmost quality becomes imperative. We bring you this exhaustive blog on how to create the right test cases for banking applications that will allow you to offer the best product to your clients.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#An_Introduction_to_Banking_Domain_Knowledge"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> An Introduction to Banking Domain Knowledge</a></li><li><a href="#Sample_Test_Case_for_Banking_Application"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Sample Test Case for Banking Application</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Automate_these_Test_Cases_for_Banking_App_with_Testsigma"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> How to Automate these Test Cases for Banking App with Testsigma?</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Conclusion</a></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-an-introduction-to-banking-domain-knowledge"><span id="An_Introduction_to_Banking_Domain_Knowledge"><strong>An Introduction to Banking Domain Knowledge</strong></span></h2>



<p>Before your team starts building test scenarios for banking applications, they would need to understand the nuances of domain testing, in this case, for banking applications.</p>



<p>Check out &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/banking-application-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Bank Application Testing</a></p>



<p>Let’s start with&nbsp;Domain in Testing. This term simply refers to the industry in which the <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/software-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">software testing</a> project is built. Some examples of domains in testing include the travel domain, telecom domain, health domain, and so on.</p>



<p>You can also check out our blog on <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-cases-for-registration-page/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test cases for the registration page</a> with examples.</p>



<p>Now, when it comes to the banking domain, the project may pertain to two categories: traditional banking services and service-based banking. As per the scope and objectives of your project, you would need to focus your testing efforts on one or more services listed below.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td><a href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/traditional-banking" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Traditional banking services</a></td><td>Refers to the foundational and fundamental financial services that traditional or brick-and-mortar banks offer to their customers.</td><td>Retail banking<br>Core financial services<br>Corporate banking</td></tr><tr><td>Service-based banking</td><td>Refers to a category of financial services offered by banks that focus on providing various specialized services to individuals, businesses, and organizations.</td><td>Private banking<br>Wealth management<br>Trust services<br>Foreign exchange services<br>Investment banking<br>Digital banking services<br>Real estate banking services</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



<div style="height:15px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h2 id="h-sample-test-case-for-banking-application"><span id="Sample_Test_Case_for_Banking_Application"><strong>Sample Test Case for Banking Application</strong></span></h2>



<p>A banking application and Internet banking, on top of that, have many <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/what-is-test-case/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test cases </a>ranging from onboarding new users to adding beneficiaries for transactions. We list down some of the basic yet important test cases for banking applications to run:</p>



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Test Cases</strong></td><td><strong>Description</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Login</td><td>1. Verify that a registered user can log in successfully with the correct username and password.<br>2. Test various combinations of incorrect usernames and passwords and ensure that the system does not allow access.<br>3. Check if the system is case-sensitive when comparing usernames during login.<br>4. After a certain number of failed login attempts, ensure that the user account is locked and cannot be accessed until unlocked by an administrator.<br>5. Ensure that users can deactivate their accounts and that they can&#8217;t log in after deactivation.<br>6. Test the functionality of logging in using social media accounts (e.g., Google, Facebook) if supported.<br>7. Verify that the session times out correctly after the specified period of inactivity.<br>8. Verify that appropriate error messages are displayed for different login failure scenarios, such as incorrect password, account locked, or invalid username.<br>9. <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/logout-test-cases/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test the logout functionality</a> to ensure users can log out securely and that they cannot access restricted pages after logout.<br>10. Verify that session data is maintained securely and cannot be tampered with.<br>11. Test the behavior of the login functionality when users use the browser&#8217;s back button after logging out.</td></tr><tr><td>New User</td><td>1. Verify that the user registration form is accessible and displays correctly in various browsers and devices.<br>2. Ensure that all required fields (e.g., name, email, password, date of birth, contact information) are present and labeled correctly.<br>3. Test input validation for each field (e.g., valid email format, password complexity, date of birth format).<br>4. Verify that appropriate error messages are displayed for invalid inputs.<br>5. Test that the system prevents users from registering with an email address that is already associated with an existing account.<br>6. Verify that the user&#8217;s password is securely encrypted and stored in the database.<br>7. Check if the application sends a confirmation email with a verification link to the user&#8217;s provided email address.<br>8. Confirm that users can successfully register and login after email verification.<br>9. Verify that the registration form includes a CAPTCHA or a similar mechanism to prevent automated bot registrations.<br>10. Confirm that the new user is assigned the appropriate user role (e.g., customer) during registration.<br>11. Verify that the application displays clear and user-friendly error messages for registration failures (e.g., email already in use, server errors).</td></tr><tr><td>Forgot Password</td><td>1. Verify that there is a clear and easily accessible link or button on the login page to access the &#8220;Forgot Password&#8221; functionality.<br>2. Test input validation for the email address or username field to ensure it only accepts valid inputs.<br>3. Verify that appropriate error messages are displayed for invalid inputs.<br>4. Check that submitting a password reset request with a valid email address or username generates a confirmation message.<br>5. Verify that an email with a password reset link is sent to the user&#8217;s registered email address.<br>6. Ensure that clicking the password reset link from the email takes the user to a secure password reset page.<br>7. Verify that the password reset form is accessible and displays correctly in various browsers and devices.<br>8. Ensure that all required fields (e.g., new password, confirm password) are present and labeled correctly on the reset form.<br>9. Test input validation for the new password field, checking for password complexity rules and error messages for invalid inputs.<br>10. Confirm that after successfully resetting the password, the user receives a confirmation message.<br>11. Test that users can log in with the new password after resetting it.</td></tr><tr><td>Account Overview</td><td>1. Verify that users can access the account overview page after successfully logging in.<br>2. Test that only authorized users can view their account overview and that unauthorized users are redirected to the login page.<br>3. Confirm that the account overview displays a summary of the user&#8217;s accounts (e.g., checking, savings, loans).<br>4. Check that clicking on each account in the overview provides detailed information, including account number, transaction history, and interest rates (if applicable).<br>5. Verify that the transaction history for each account is displayed correctly and includes details such as date, description, amount, and transaction type (e.g., deposit, withdrawal).<br>6. Test the functionality to download account statements or generate PDF statements for each account.<br>7. Verify that the account overview respects the user&#8217;s selected currency and locale preferences.<br>8. Confirm that the application correctly identifies and categorizes different account types (e.g., checking, savings, credit card).<br>9. Check if users receive alerts or notifications for important account events (e.g., low balance, large transactions).</td></tr><tr><td>Banking Service Requests</td><td>1. Verify that users can access the service request section of the application from the main menu or dashboard.<br>2. Test different types of service requests, including account statements, fund transfers, bill payments, account closure, and credit/debit card authorization, depending on the application&#8217;s offerings.<br>3. Verify that each service request type has a dedicated form with appropriate fields.<br>4. Test input validation for service request forms, checking for valid data entry and proper error handling for invalid entries.<br>5. Test whether users receive a confirmation email with the details of their service request.<br>6. Check that users can track the status of their service requests, whether they are pending, in progress, or completed.<br>7. Verify that the application displays clear and user-friendly error messages for service request submission failures.<br>8. Test the process of canceling a pending service request before it is processed.<br>9. See if the service request option allows users to access their credit/debit card bill statements.<br>10. Check if users can apply for new cards and block old ones.</td></tr><tr><td>Adding a Beneficiary</td><td>1. Verify that users can access the beneficiary management section from the main menu or dashboard.<br>2. Ensure that the beneficiary addition form is accessible and displays correctly in various browsers and devices. <br>3. Confirm that the beneficiary addition form includes fields for beneficiary name, account number, bank name, branch details, and payment method (e.g., NEFT, RTGS, IMPS).<br>4. Test input validation for each field in the beneficiary addition form&nbsp;Ensure that the application prevents users from adding the same beneficiary more than once.<br>5. Test the process for verifying the beneficiary&#8217;s details, which may involve sending an OTP or confirmation email.<br>6. Confirm that users receive a confirmation page or message after successfully adding a beneficiary.<br>7. Test the ability to edit beneficiary details, including name, account number, and payment method.<br>8. Confirm that users can delete beneficiaries from their list if they are no longer needed.</td></tr><tr><td>Money Transfer</td><td>1. Verify that users can access the money transfer section from the main menu or dashboard.<br>2. Test the ability to select recipients (beneficiaries) from the user&#8217;s beneficiary list for money transfers.<br>3. Confirm that the application verifies recipient details (e.g., account number, beneficiary name) before proceeding with the transfer.<br>4. Test the ability to enter the transfer amount, ensuring it meets account balance and transaction limits.<br>5. Test various payment methods (e.g., NEFT, RTGS, IMPS) and ensure that the selected method is processed correctly.<br>6. Check the option to include a message or note with the money transfer (if supported).<br>7. Ensure that users are required to enter a valid PIN or receive and verify an OTP (One-Time Password) before completing the transfer.<br>8. Confirm that the transaction details are accurately recorded in the user&#8217;s transaction history.<br>9. Verify that the application enforces transaction limits and communicates these limits clearly to users.</td></tr><tr><td>Admin Role</td><td>1.Verify that admin users can log in using their credentials.<br>2. Ensure that only authorized admin accounts can access the admin panel.<br>3. Confirm that the admin dashboard displays up-to-date and relevant information and statistics.<br>4. Test the ability of the admin to add, edit, and delete user accounts.<br>5. Verify that user details (name, contact information) can be modified by the admin.<br>6. Test the admin&#8217;s ability to lock or unlock user accounts for security reasons.<br>7. Verify that the admin can assign or modify user roles (e.g., teller, manager, customer support) as required.<br>8. Ensure that the admin can access and review an audit trail of user activities and system changes.<br>9. Check the accuracy and completeness of the audit log.<br>10. Verify that the admin can deactivate and reactivate user accounts, temporarily or permanently.<br>11. Confirm that the admin can configure and enforce security policies (e.g., password complexity, session timeouts) for users.<br>12. Confirm that the admin can create and manage access control lists for different user roles and functions.</td></tr><tr><td>New Branch</td><td>1. Verify that authorized users can access the branch management section from the admin panel.<br>2. Confirm that the branch creation form includes fields for branch name, address, contact information, and branch manager details.<br>3. Check that each branch is assigned a unique branch code or identifier.<br>4. Test the ability to assign a branch manager to the new branch during creation.<br>5. Verify that the application allows selection of the branch type (e.g., main branch, regional branch).</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



<p>All these test cases are presented in the view that the banking application supports such features. In reality, there might be more or fewer options in your banking application, and the test cases would be created accordingly.</p>



<p>Check here &#8211; <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/payment-gateway-test-cases/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Payment Gateway Test Cases</a></p>



<h2 id="h-how-to-automate-these-test-cases-for-banking-app-with-testsigma"><span id="How_to_Automate_these_Test_Cases_for_Banking_App_with_Testsigma"><strong>How to Automate these Test Cases for Banking App with Testsigma?</strong></span></h2>



<p>As you can see in the above section, a banking application is loaded with a myriad of features. When you think of automating them using a test automation tool, you would need to create test scripts for different scenarios and cases. As an example, we show you how to build and execute test cases for a banking application related to adding a beneficiary using Testsigma.</p>



<p>&nbsp;The general steps to follow while adding a beneficiary are usually:</p>



<ul><li>Log into your account through the preferred banking application.</li><li>Head over to the Fund transfer option and look for the Add Beneficiary option.</li><li>Fill out the necessary fields (name, beneficiary account number, IFSC code, and more) along with the maximum transaction limit.</li><li>Provide an answer for the security question if that feature is required.</li><li>Click on ‘Add Beneficiary’ or ‘Submit’ to move ahead.</li><li>Provide an OTP if required to complete the process.</li><li>Wait for the specified time (usually 30 minutes) to get confirmation of adding a beneficiary.</li><li>Transfer some amount to the beneficiary to see if the process has successfully accomplished.</li></ul>



<p>With Testsigma, you can do more than just check a single feature. The tool supports <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-web-application-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">web application testing</a> along with mobile and API testing.</p>



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<h2 id="h-conclusion"><span id="Conclusion"><strong>Conclusion</strong></span></h2>



<p>Users of the banking domain have grown over the years, not only in number but also in requests. With multiple demands pouring from every customer, the banks have begun to focus on the quality of their applications to create banking application test cases that deliver the right results.&nbsp;</p>



<p>This comprehensive blog covers everything you need to know about starting and building a <a href="https://testsigma.com/guides/test-process/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">testing process</a> to validate your banking application. Additionally, we walk you through automation testing using Testsigma, an end-to-end, fully customizable, and no-code test automation platform.</p>



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<customlinks>
<ts-link-item>
<ts-linktext-value>Mobile Banking Application Testing</ts-linktext-value>
<ts-linkurl-value>https://testsigma.com/blog/banking-application-testing/</ts-linkurl-value>
</ts-link-item>
<ts-link-item>
<ts-linktext-value>Precondition in a Test Case</ts-linktext-value>
<ts-linkurl-value>https://testsigma.com/blog/precondition-in-test-case/</ts-linkurl-value>
</ts-link-item>
<ts-link-item>
<ts-linktext-value>Testsigma&#8217;s Codeless Accessibility</ts-linktext-value>
<ts-linkurl-value>https://testsigma.com/blog/testsigmas-codeless-accessibility-testing/</ts-linkurl-value>
</ts-link-item>
<ts-link-item>
<ts-linktext-value>How to Write Test Cases for Trading Application Testing?</ts-linktext-value>
<ts-linkurl-value>https://testsigma.com/blog/test-cases-for-trading-application/</ts-linkurl-value>
</ts-link-item>
</customlinks>


Test Cases for Banking Applications (With Sample Test Cases)


<p>At its core, Root Cause Analysis (RCA) in software testing operates much like seeking answers to everyday predicaments. Imagine when you are unwell and seeking the cause of your ailment or when your electricity goes out, and we&#8217;re determined to identify the underlying issue. Similarly, in the realm of software, when defects arise, the purpose of RCA is akin to unveiling the true source of these glitches.</p>



<p>Just as simple remedies don&#8217;t suffice when we&#8217;re sick or dealing with a malfunction in the house, addressing symptoms alone in <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/types-of-defects/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">software defects</a> overlooks the crucial question: &#8220;Why?&#8221;.</p>



<p>In this blog, we&#8217;ll uncover how RCA functions in guiding us to delve deep, not just into symptoms, but into the very core of software issues.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_Root_Cause_Analysis"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> What is Root Cause Analysis?</a></li><li><a href="#Why_To_Perform_Root_Cause_Analysis"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Why To Perform Root Cause Analysis?</a></li><li><a href="#Examples_of_Root_Cause_Analysis"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Examples of Root Cause Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#Goals"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> Goals</a></li><li><a href="#RCA_in_Test_Automation"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> RCA in Test Automation</a></li><li><a href="#Tips_to_Follow_for_Performing_Effective_RCA"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> Tips to Follow for Performing Effective RCA</a></li><li><a href="#Summary"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">7</span> Summary</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">8</span> Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_an_RCA_tool"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">8.1</span> What is an RCA tool?</a></li><li><a href="#What_are_the_types_of_RCA"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">8.2</span> What are the types of RCA?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-root-cause-analysis"><span id="What_is_Root_Cause_Analysis">What is Root Cause Analysis?</span></h2>



<p>Root Cause Analysis (RCA) in software testing is a systematic approach used to identify and address the underlying reasons behind software defects. By addressing the underlying causes, RCA helps in improving software quality by enhancing development processes, communication, and collaboration.</p>



<p>RCA involves a structured investigation process that examines various aspects of the software development and testing lifecycle, including requirements, design, coding, testing, and deployment.</p>



<h2 id="h-why-to-perform-root-cause-analysis"><span id="Why_To_Perform_Root_Cause_Analysis">Why To Perform Root Cause Analysis?</span></h2>



<p>Here are some of the key features of root cause analysis in software testing that make it important:</p>



<ul><li>It helps in <strong>cost reduction</strong> associated with defect correction. By pinpointing the accurate reason for errors, RCA helps resolve problems before the software reaches the production stage, where defect identification and mitigation is five times more expensive than the design stage.</li><li>With an error-free product and an efficient RCA process in place, you can identify, solve, and deliver software at an <strong>accelerated speed</strong> to gain a competitive advantage in the market.</li><li>RCA enables companies to find the source of defects to <strong>promote a seamless problem-solving approach</strong> and remove the issue from its root, ensuring better software quality.</li><li>Better quality software is sure to add to the existing customer experience and improve upon it. Clearly, RCA contributes to <strong>enhancing customer satisfaction</strong>.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-examples-of-root-cause-analysis"><span id="Examples_of_Root_Cause_Analysis">Examples of Root Cause Analysis</span></h2>



<p>Let&#8217;s explore an example where RCA proves invaluable for a high-traffic e-commerce website grappling with sluggish performance during peak periods.</p>



<p><strong>Issue:</strong> The e-commerce website experiences sluggish performance during peak traffic, causing user frustration and potential revenue loss.</p>



<p><strong>RCA Process:</strong></p>



<p>To address this challenge, the testing team initiates the RCA process by collecting performance metrics, server logs, and user feedback. Their comprehensive analysis reveals a critical insight: <strong>the website&#8217;s response time significantly increases when users attempt to add items to their cart.</strong> Further investigation uncovers that the cart update process triggers numerous database queries per item, leading to a database bottleneck that hampers overall performance. With this revelation, the development team takes swift action. They optimize database queries, introduce caching mechanisms, and implement load-balancing strategies for efficient traffic distribution. To prevent future occurrences, performance testing becomes an integral part of the development lifecycle, identifying and rectifying potential bottlenecks at an early stage.</p>



<p>Let’s take another instance where RCA uncovers the intricacies of the problem and offers solutions for consistent, reliable results.</p>



<p><strong>Issue:</strong> A financial software application generates inconsistent financial reports, causing confusion and eroding user trust.</p>



<p><strong>RCA Process:</strong></p>



<p>In this scenario, the testing team embarks on an RCA journey to address data inconsistencies. They begin by conducting meticulous data validation tests, comparing outputs against expected results. Discrepancies emerge, particularly when the application handles extensive data involving complex calculations. <strong>The root cause analysis reveals that certain data inputs contain non-numeric characters that disrupt essential calculations.</strong> Moreover, existing error-handling mechanisms prove inadequate. The development team responds swiftly, enhancing the software&#8217;s defenses with robust input validation mechanisms and bolstering error-handling procedures to ensure precise calculations and consistent outcomes. To safeguard data integrity, automated data validation checks are introduced, and comprehensive data integrity tests become routine during each <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">release cycle</a>.</p>



<h2 id="h-goals"><span id="Goals">Goals</span></h2>



<p>Root cause analysis in testing has three goals aimed at identifying, mitigating, and preventing issues in the system:</p>



<ul><li>Identify the cause of the problem, i.e., discover the root of the cause.</li><li>Understand the root cause and analyze how to resolve the problem.</li><li>Put the learnings of the analysis into practice to fix the issue and prevent future system breakdowns.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-rca-in-test-automation"><span id="RCA_in_Test_Automation">RCA in Test Automation</span></h2>



<p><a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test automation</a> plays a pivotal role in enabling effective Root Cause Analysis (RCA) by providing consistent, repeatable, and comprehensive testing processes. In a complex software environment, defects can originate from various sources, such as code changes, integration issues, or configuration discrepancies. Automated tests offer the advantage of executing a wide range of test cases consistently, capturing valuable data points, and allowing rapid <a href="https://testsigma.com/regression-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">regression testing</a>. This extensive test coverage generates a wealth of data that can be analyzed during RCA to identify patterns, trends, and potential root causes of failures.</p>



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<p>But how do you combine RCA with test automation in real? By making use of a test automation tool that is equipped with capabilities to execute RCA.&nbsp;</p>



<p><a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/automation-testing-tools/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test automation tools</a> can help in RCA processes by providing clear and useful reports. For example, Testsigma tool offers customizable reports with screenshots, videos, and logs, and testers can analyse the test failure patterns across test runs over a period of time. Additionally, the tool comes with deugging features to help with quick and efficient debugging.</p>



<p>Try Testsigma <a href="https://testsigma.com/qa-automation-tools" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">QA automation tool</a> to drive your testing efforts 10x faster without spending time on coding complex testing scripts. </p>



<h2 id="h-tips-to-follow-for-performing-effective-rca"><span id="Tips_to_Follow_for_Performing_Effective_RCA">Tips to Follow for Performing Effective RCA</span></h2>



<p>Performing RCA is important, but following the right path for analysis is important. A few tips can take your RCA in testing to the next level:</p>



<ul><li>Collect relevant information such as error logs, test results, user feedback, and system performance metrics to form a solid foundation for your analysis.</li><li>While picking out a test automation tool, make sure it has logging and reporting feature for properly executing RCA.</li><li>Bring together representatives from development, testing, design, and other relevant areas to gain diverse insights and expertise.</li><li>Approach the problem from different angles – technical, process-related, human factors, and external influences – to ensure a comprehensive analysis.</li><li>Not all potential root causes are equal. Use data and impact analysis to prioritize which issues to tackle first for maximum impact.</li><li>Alongside addressing current issues, establish preventive measures to avoid similar problems in future development cycles.</li><li>Utilize established RCA methodologies like the 5 Whys, Fishbone (Ishikawa) Diagrams, or Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to systematically explore potential root causes.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-summary"><span id="Summary">Summary</span></h2>



<p>Finding a solution to a problem is the right way to handle it, but identifying the root cause of the issue is the best way. Once you know what you are dealing with, the present and future become easier to manage. In software testing as well, fixing a defect will give you instant improvement, but eliminating it fully will eradicate future breakdowns of the system.</p>



<p>Root cause analysis (RCA) in testing is a critical component of uncovering the major reasons behind the malfunctioning of software and making it vanish for the good.</p>



<h2 id="frequently-asked-questions"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions">Frequently Asked Questions</span></h2>



<h3 id="what-is-an-rca-tool"><span id="What_is_an_RCA_tool">What is an RCA tool?</span></h3>



<p>An RCA tool in testing is a software solution designed to facilitate the systematic investigation of root causes behind issues arising in software. It provides structured methodologies, data collection, analysis, and collaboration features to enhance the problem-solving process in software testing.</p>



<h3 id="what-are-the-types-of-rca"><span id="What_are_the_types_of_RCA">What are the types of RCA?</span></h3>



<p>In testing, there can be RCA for three types of issues:</p>



<ul><li><strong>Internal issues:</strong> This includes code changes, software/hardware failures, server issues, or any such defects associated with the internal functioning of the system.</li><li><strong>Human-made problems:</strong> Software undergoes frequent modifications, and it is likely that a bug can arise after updates to the system. They would often be due to unintentional errors made by individuals working on the project.</li><li><strong>Communication gap:</strong> If a requirement specification or bug definition gets lost in the hierarchy of the project, it is often contributed as collaboration/communication issue.</li></ul>


RCA in Testing for Software Defects

Checkout Test Test Cases For Checkout Page & How to Test

Checkout Test | Importance, Test Cases & How to Test?


<p>At the intersection of testing and automation comes test data. Every tester deals with a variety of test data while executing the test cases. Not only do they maintain an extensive library of data useful in the testing process, but also generate a huge volume of data during the test runtime. And because data is such an important part of the testing process, it is important for testers to learn, understand, and correctly apply test data automation practices.</p>



<p>We explore the topic of efficiently approaching the test data collection, generation, maintenance, and automation techniques.</p>



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Table Of Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_Test_Data_Automation"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">1</span> What is Test Data Automation?</a></li><li><a href="#Why_Test_Data_Automation"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">2</span> Why Test Data Automation?</a></li><li><a href="#Test_Data_Automation_Drivers"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">3</span> Test Data Automation Drivers</a><ul><li><a href="#Making_Data_Available"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">3.1</span> Making Data Available</a></li><li><a href="#Data_Provisioning"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">3.2</span> Data Provisioning</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#When_to_Perform_Test_Data_Automation"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">4</span> When to Perform Test Data Automation?</a></li><li><a href="#Steps_to_Automate_Test_Data"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">5</span> Steps to Automate Test Data</a><ul><li><a href="#Step_1_Extract"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">5.1</span> Step 1: Extract</a></li><li><a href="#Step_2_Manage"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">5.2</span> Step 2: Manage</a></li><li><a href="#Step_3_Provision"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">5.3</span> Step 3: Provision</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Key_Technology_Challenges_of_Test_Data_Automation"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">6</span> Key Technology Challenges of Test Data Automation</a></li><li><a href="#Tools_for_Test_Data_Automation"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">7</span> Tools for Test Data Automation</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Perform_Use_Test_Data_While_Automating_Tests_with_Testsigma"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">8</span> How to Perform Use Test Data While Automating Tests with Testsigma?</a></li><li><a href="#Wrapping_Up"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">9</span> Wrapping Up!</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_1">10</span> Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_an_example_of_test_data_automation"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">10.1</span> What is an example of test data automation?</a></li><li><a href="#What_are_the_benefits_of_test_data_automation"><span class="toc_number toc_depth_2">10.2</span> What are the benefits of test data automation?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-test-data-automation"><span id="What_is_Test_Data_Automation">What is Test Data Automation?</span></h2>



<p>Test data automation refers to the process of automatically generating, managing, and provisioning test data for software testing purposes.&nbsp;</p>



<p>An example of test data in an automated testing process for a login system could be using a test data automation tool that generates a range of user credentials (usernames and passwords) with various combinations. These credentials are then seamlessly integrated into the testing framework, allowing comprehensive login scenario testing while ensuring data privacy through the masking of sensitive information.</p>



<h2 id="h-why-test-data-automation"><span id="Why_Test_Data_Automation">Why Test Data Automation?</span></h2>



<p>For any application, testers attempt to run test cases with real-life data to replicate the real-world scenario. Clearly, such an approach will uncover defects customers might face when the application becomes available to them. But sourcing or generating data that resembles a real-life setting is a painstaking process. Testers would either need to wait for the data to become accessible or spend time producing all of it themselves.</p>



<p>Moreover, With automation, your QA team can likely reduce these factors by more than half and improve the test case execution with accurate input data and understandable output data. In software testing, having appropriate and representative test data is crucial to ensure that the software is thoroughly and accurately tested. Test data automation aims to streamline and optimize the management of test data, making the testing process more efficient, reliable, and repeatable.</p>



<p>But creating, processing, and managing test data manually is laborious and extremely time-consuming. With data test automation, you can avoid all this, use reliable test data for the testing, and easily identify bugs that users might face later on.</p>



<h2 id="h-test-data-automation-drivers"><span id="Test_Data_Automation_Drivers">Test Data Automation Drivers</span></h2>



<p>Automating test data is not just popular because it decreases manual effort and time for testers. There are a couple of drivers that influence the way test data automation works in the industry.</p>



<h3 id="h-making-data-available"><span id="Making_Data_Available">Making Data Available</span></h3>



<p>Generating, processing, managing, and accessing test data is a lengthy process that requires involvement of nearly 3 to 4 individuals. Developers and testers request access to test data, and data analysts/administrators have to manage those data sets. Evidently, all these people need to stay on top of the project progress with fresh data when the demand comes.</p>



<p>Automating test data reduces manual dependency on all of these professionals. It further improves the accuracy of managing such critical data sets without delaying the process if any of the involved parties is not available at the moment.</p>



<h3 id="h-data-provisioning"><span id="Data_Provisioning">Data Provisioning</span></h3>



<p>In handling test data and using it correctly, one of the major issues is giving access control to development and QA. Data provisioning ensures that the right data is available in the right format and at the right time to support different business processes and activities. Such an approach would automatically remove multiple layers of requests and messaging between teams and members, boosting the testing process in terms of time and efficiency.</p>



<h2 id="h-when-to-perform-test-data-automation"><span id="When_to_Perform_Test_Data_Automation">When to Perform Test Data Automation?</span></h2>



<p>It is clear that introducing test data automation into your testing strategy can significantly boost efficiency and accuracy. Here are all the times you should perform test data automation:</p>



<ul><li>Make the most of test data automation when you are laying down the groundwork for your testing process to ensure that data provisioning aligns seamlessly with your testing processes and minimizes disruptions.&nbsp;</li><li>Kick-starting test data automation before crafting extensive test scripts paves the way for smoother test case creation.&nbsp;</li><li>Incorporate test data automation as data complexity increases to provide results, effectively managing intricate data requirements.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-steps-to-automate-test-data"><span id="Steps_to_Automate_Test_Data">Steps to Automate Test Data</span></h2>



<p>Test data is important. Test automation is equally important. Next comes the procedure to automate test data. Here’s an easy flow you can follow:</p>



<h3 id="h-step-1-extract"><span id="Step_1_Extract">Step 1: Extract</span></h3>



<p>Identify all the data sources required for your testing needs and integrate your automation tool with those sources. Connecting with all the original source data helps to synchronize data collection and extraction.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 id="h-step-2-manage"><span id="Step_2_Manage">Step 2: Manage</span></h3>



<p>The next step is to properly handle the data you are extracting for your work purpose. It consists of integrating, masking, transforming, subsetting, and generating test datasets using the right <a href="https://testsigma.com/test-data-management-tools" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test data management tools</a>.</p>



<h3 id="h-step-3-provision"><span id="Step_3_Provision">Step 3: Provision</span></h3>



<p>The final stage is to efficiently provision the data to the respective testing environments using the same tools as and when the requirements for the data arise. And because you are not requesting data directly from the source, there are no instances of downtime recorded of data sources.</p>



<h2 id="h-key-technology-challenges-of-test-data-automation"><span id="Key_Technology_Challenges_of_Test_Data_Automation">Key Technology Challenges of Test Data Automation</span></h2>



<p>Following the three steps to drive your test data automation is helpful but not entirely efficient. There are certain factors that impact the automation test data scenario that you need to look out for:</p>



<ul><li>Usually, companies run a data extraction process once a month or so, i.e., they take the data out from the sources for their work. But in such cases, data becomes old or irrelevant, which then affects the testing quality. Using smart synchronization techniques or regularly fishing out stale data can help in this case.</li><li>Data masking is a critical part of the data management process that safeguards customer and business information. Most of the time, companies do not focus on data masking before saving data in their system. You can use in-flight data masking tools to mask and send data to the required system.</li><li>Data provisioning becomes a hectic task when a variety of data is coming from different sources. This challenge calls for weeding out the instances when complex data is needed for testing and addressing the situation accordingly.</li><li>It can be challenging to integrate test data automation with the existing testing tools, frameworks, and automation scripts. Selecting tools that support test data management and testing processes is the right way to go here.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-tools-for-test-data-automation"><span id="Tools_for_Test_Data_Automation">Tools for Test Data Automation</span></h2>



<ul><li><strong>Testsigma:</strong> It is a cloud-based test automation platform that supports data-driven testing, integrated data sources, and dynamic data generation. The tool helps manage reusable test data sets and facilitates collaboration, enabling efficient and streamlined test data management for your automated testing processes.</li></ul>



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<ul><li><strong>Tricentis Tosca:</strong> It offers data provisioning and synthetic data generation capabilities to create realistic test data, integrate with various testing frameworks, and manage data privacy and compliance.</li><li><strong>Informatica Test Data Management:</strong> Informatica TDM provides data masking, subsetting, and data generation features. It ensures secure and compliant test data provisioning across different environments.</li><li><strong>GenRocket:</strong> GenRocket is a <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/test-data-generation-tools/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test data generation tool</a> specializing in allowing users to model and generate data for various testing scenarios.</li><li><strong>Delphix:</strong> This tool offers data virtualization and masking capabilities to create lightweight, on-demand test data subsets while safeguarding sensitive information.</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-how-to-perform-use-test-data-while-automating-tests-with-testsigma"><span id="How_to_Perform_Use_Test_Data_While_Automating_Tests_with_Testsigma">How to Perform Use Test Data While Automating Tests with Testsigma?</span></h2>



<p>Suppose you have a login page to test using multiple username and password entries. You can use Testsigma to create these test data directly within the tool and pull the same in your test scripts.</p>



<p>Let’s start with developing test data. Log into your Testsigma account and navigate to <strong><em>Create Test Data Profile, </em></strong>as shown in the below image.</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/YeAPGXkibRBpPWqlwoyQtmXoE1HcLodD1k5HoXEsXCvJfSr639Fmg4iCfvs0ABEqPIxOGKucSpz6O3JSofViGqyAkk-331Vyopjnar-_tXZ7NCWbC-RzBh1EscNLGpOwNgPHfbPqU_SsRMY8D6UMgdc" alt="Test data profile"/></figure></div>



<p><p style="padding-top:30px">Now, give your data profile a <strong><em>Name </em></strong>and enter names for the data set you want to create. We have given two data sets here: Valid and Invalid.&nbsp;</p></p>



<p><p style="padding-bottom:30px">Then, fill in the names of columns that will show the set of values that each data set will have. You can add more columns by clicking on the + button on the top right. Click on <strong><em>Create.</em></strong> It is shown in the image below.</p></p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/cNEw9tDDdTrbNFpnz2cBui6LavhKezjdJLS3dCjsT3u-ncQnoZ6cR2RuVSrao4qf-peyB3WVioaFwuBUDfzq7cqqVaUop_1-x5RWO0lvYnzN5lkqPAGSz_18cWCkuYYmVHE5UPIlhE5fvquraBdF3y8" alt="test data profile creation" width="43" height="20"/></figure></div>



<p style="padding-top:30px">Your data set is created and available for use in the test cases.</p>



<p><p style="padding-bottom:30px">But before adding the data to your test script, you need to associate a test data profile<strong><em> </em></strong>to the test case. To do that, head over to the <strong><em>Edit Test Case </em></strong>option and select the choice of your test data under the <strong><em>Test Data Profile </em></strong>dropdown. Here we have selected the test data we created.</p></p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/E0dS7RTAPGzX4bSm4cYSus2RbB51cWRqIpNa8KfmdZ5DB9KT9YD_s_Pt7hQ_kuik7l2Wxw9qbZf6lSKKtO7BqXh5pV4__q78mfR10rDX-TsyznZnGMtKAHpW1TjFdyb23wqAublQzuxdLhHNunkQ7wM" alt="Test cases"/></figure></div>



<p><p style="padding-bottom:30px;padding-top:30px">Next, you can add the data to the test step by right-clicking on the step using the <strong><em>@|Parameter| </em></strong>option in the dropdown.</p></p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/o8sSgZb579dG8W--qOvaDO5P5EKGxnB6ywz54b7wWODSD--yFEOlnchq19OKM-wQR9I1TpYUDCeI-tuV54JSuKGCUUEEiCym64-_4p5DN2ZBpeAgC2TY_AQuXS-01oUGpPxatg41LVLfjwe8ZyKxsdM" alt="Test steps"/></figure></div>



<p><p style="padding-bottom:30px;padding-top:30px">Selecting the above option will display the below page, where you can see the test data associated with this particular test case.</p></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-M2mkXr4ayWKrt7ZX4D6BNbQv_mKMmD6JANGgqQTq2EL-k2Tl2YA_Ql-i121Qo8TK1tfna9hKyt4cNhQ5wHKseKU_CGXg2dx7ZpLwHhNdMKlqz6htx39-DMPH-p0EbGJKaTYPrO7wIfSe2LnXJxNmcw" alt="Test data"/></figure>



<p><p style="padding-top:30px">You can further enable the <a href="https://testsigma.com/data-driven-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Data-driven testing</a> toggle button. Once you have done that in your testing, you can narrow and customize the various data sets from your test data profile that are being used in your test case using the filters iteration, parameter, and set name. Follow this <a href="https://testsigma.com/docs/test-data/create-data-profiles/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">tutorial</a> to know more.</p></p>



<p>Besides this, Testsigma is a full-fledged test automation platform that provides data-driven testing options along with importing test data from external sources and updating them as per the need.</p>



<p>Leverage the multifaceted benefits of Testsigma to test for web, mobile, and APIs. Take your testing process to the next level within a matter of days. </p>



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<h2 id="h-wrapping-up"><span id="Wrapping_Up">Wrapping Up!</span></h2>



<p>Testers require test data at every point in the testing process. To fulfill this need, businesses focus on generating and handling data, a task that demands time from many people. And if anything goes awry in the middle of this work, testers have to wait for the fresh set of data to become available to them. Quite frankly, the entire process is lengthy and time-consuming.</p>



<p>With test data automation, you can avoid all such problems and make relevant data accessible to testers when they need it and where they need it. All you have to do is select a test data management tool that supports your testing requirements.</p>



<p>After you followed through with this complete post, you could easily understand the significance of test data and how you can make the best use of it.</p>



<h2 id="frequently-asked-questions"><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions">Frequently Asked Questions</span></h2>



<h3 id="what-is-an-example-of-test-data-automation"><span id="What_is_an_example_of_test_data_automation">What is an example of test data automation?</span></h3>



<p>An example of test data automation would be to create and gather the necessary data to check an e-commerce website. Test data automation entails the automatic creation of a range of user profiles encompassing various demographic details, interests, and purchasing behaviors.</p>



<h3 id="what-are-the-benefits-of-test-data-automation"><span id="What_are_the_benefits_of_test_data_automation">What are the benefits of test data automation?</span></h3>



<p>Test data automation accelerates testing cycles by swiftly generating diverse data scenarios, enhances test coverage for various use cases, ensures data accuracy for reliable results, and reduces manual effort, boosting overall testing efficiency.</p>


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