A Guide to Handling a WebTable in Selenium

Selenium Headless Tests on Browsers: A Step-by-Step Guide

Are you looking to automate your cross browser tests using the <a href="https://www.selenium.dev/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Selenium web automation framework</a>? If so, you must understand <a href="https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/elements/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Web Elements</a> and how to handle them in Selenium. Whether it’s locating Web Elements in Selenium or performing actions on them, interacting with Web Elements is a key part of any automated test script.&nbsp;



In this article, we&#8217;ll discuss everything you need to know about Web Element handling in Selenium. We will also cover different strategies for handling dynamic Web Elements in Selenium and ways to improve your code&#8217;s execution time by avoiding unnecessary waits.&nbsp;



So let&#8217;s get started!



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_Web_Element">1 What is Web Element?</a><ul><li><a href="#Syntaxnbsp">1.1 Syntax&nbsp;</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Common_Selenium_WebDriver_Commands_for_Web_Elements">2 Common Selenium WebDriver Commands for Web Elements</a></li><li><a href="#Operations_performed_on_the_WebElements">3 Operations performed on the WebElements</a></li><li><a href="#Locators_In_Selenium_WebDriver">4 Locators In Selenium WebDriver</a></li><li><a href="#Final_Words">5 Final Words</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">6 Frequently Asked Questions:</a><ul><li><a href="#What_are_the_types_of_Web_Elements">6.1 What are the types of Web Elements?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_the_purpose_of_WebElement">6.2 What is the purpose of WebElement?</a></li><li><a href="#Is_size_a_WebElement_method">6.3 Is size() a WebElement method?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-web-element">What is Web Element?</h2>



Web page components such as text boxes, checkboxes, buttons, drop-downs, radio buttons, web forms, etc. are called web elements. These can be identified by attributes like id, classname, name, or XPath.



Via Selenium, you can interact with these web elements to perform tasks like clicking a button or filling in text boxes.



<h3 id="h-syntax">Syntax&nbsp;</h3>



The syntax for interacting with a text box is given below:




WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(&#8220;TextBox&#8221;));

element.sendKeys(&#8220;stqatools&#8221;);




Or




driver.findElement(By.id(&#8220;TextBox&#8221;)).sendKeys(&#8220;stqatools&#8221;);




<h2 id="h-common-selenium-webdriver-commands-for-web-elements">Common Selenium WebDriver Commands for Web Elements</h2>



Let us learn in-depth about the commonly used commands for common web elements on a web page in Selenium &#8211; 



1. Clear Command



The clear() command in Selenium is used to clear the text from a text box or text area. It is equivalent to selecting the contents of the element and pressing the DELETE or BACKSPACE key.



Method &#8211; clear() : void&nbsp;



Command &#8211; element.clear();&nbsp;



Code Syntax &#8211;&nbsp;




WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(&#8220;UserName&#8221;)); 
element.clear(); 
 
//Or can be written as 
 
driver.findElement(By.id(&#8220;UserName&#8221;)).clear(); 




2. Sendkeys Command



The Sendkeys command in Selenium simulates the keyboard input of a user. It is used to type text into input boxes, text areas, and any Web Element allowing text input. It also simulates pressing special keys such as Enter, Tab, and other function keys.



Method &#8211; sendKeys(CharSequence? KeysToSend) : void&nbsp;



Command &#8211; element.sendKeys(&#8220;text&#8221;);&nbsp;



Code Syntax &#8211;&nbsp;




WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(&#8220;UserName&#8221;)); 
element.sendKeys(&#8220;JavaTpoint&#8221;); 
 
//Or can be written as 
 
driver.findElement(By.id(&#8220;UserName&#8221;)).sendKeys(&#8220;JavaTpoint&#8221;);




3. Click Command



The Click command in Selenium is a user action that simulates a mouse click on an element, typically a button or a link, which can open a new page, submit a form, or perform other actions on the web page.



Method &#8211; click() : void&nbsp;



Command &#8211; element.click();&nbsp;



Code Syntax &#8211;&nbsp;




WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.linkText(&#8220;javaTpoint&#8221;)); 
element.click(); 
 
//Or can be written as 
 
driver.findElement(By.linkText(&#8220;javaTpoint&#8221;)).click(); 




4. IsDisplayed Command



The IsDisplayed command in Selenium determines if an element is currently visible on the page or hidden from view. Depending on the element&#8217;s visibility, it will return a Boolean value (true or false). This ensures that elements are visible on the page before continuing with a test.



Method &#8211; isDisplayed() : boolean&nbsp;



Command &#8211; element.isDisplayed();&nbsp;



Code Syntax &#8211;&nbsp;




WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(&#8220;UserName&#8221;)); 
boolean status = element.isDisplayed(); 
 
//Or can be written as 
 
boolean staus = driver.findElement(By.id(&#8220;UserName&#8221;)).isDisplayed();




5. IsEnabled Command



The IsEnabled command in Selenium is used to check whether the specified element is enabled or not. It returns true if the element is enabled and false if the element is disabled. It is used to verify the state of the web page elements.



Method &#8211; isEnabled() : boolean&nbsp;



Command &#8211; element.isEnabled();&nbsp;



Code Syntax &#8211;&nbsp;




WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(&#8220;UserName&#8221;)); 
boolean status = element.isEnabled(); 
 
//Or can be written as 
 
boolean staus = driver.findElement(By.id(&#8220;UserName&#8221;)).isEnabled(); 




6. IsSelected Command



The IsSelected command in Selenium determines whether an element has been selected or not. This command returns a boolean value of True or False depending on the state of the element. This command is mainly used for checkboxes, radio buttons, and options in a select element.



Method &#8211; isSelected() : boolean&nbsp;



Command &#8211; element.isSelected();&nbsp;&nbsp;



Code Syntax &#8211;&nbsp;




WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(&#8220;Sex-Male&#8221;)); 
boolean status = element.isSelected(); 




7. Submit Command



The submit command in Selenium is used to submit a form. One can use it on any element that is a descendant of a form element.



Method &#8211; submit() : void&nbsp;



Command &#8211; element.submit();&nbsp;&nbsp;



Code Syntax &#8211;




WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(&#8220;SubmitButton&#8221;)); 
element.submit(); 
 
//Or can be written as 
 
driver.findElement(By.id(&#8220;SubmitButton&#8221;)).submit();




8. GetText Command



GetText is a command in Selenium used to retrieve the innerText of an element. It retrieves the text from a drop-down list, a paragraph, a list item, a button, etc.



Method &#8211; getText() : String&nbsp;



Command &#8211; element.getText();&nbsp;



Code Syntax &#8211;




WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.xpath(&#8220;anyLink&#8221;)); 
String linkText = element.getText();




9. GetTagName Command



The GetTagName command in Selenium retrieves the tag name of an element. It returns a string containing the tag name of the element on which this command is being called.



Method &#8211; getTagName() : String&nbsp;&nbsp;



Command &#8211; element.getTagName();&nbsp;



Code Syntax &#8211;




WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(&#8220;SubmitButton&#8221;)); 
String tagName = element.getTagName(); 
 
 //Or can be written as 
 
 String tagName = driver.findElement(By.id(&#8220;SubmitButton&#8221;)).getTagName(); 




10. getCssValue Command



The getCssValue command in Selenium is a method used to retrieve the value of a given CSS property of an element on a webpage. It is useful for verifying the attributes of an element, such as its font size, color, or visibility.



Method &#8211; getCssvalue() : String&nbsp;&nbsp;



Command &#8211; element.getCssValue();&nbsp;&nbsp;



Code Syntax &#8211;




WebElement element = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(&#8220;body&#8221;)
bg_color = element.value_of_css_property(&#8220;background-color&#8221;)




11. getAttribute Command



The getAttribute command in Selenium is a method used to retrieve the value of an attribute of a Web Element. It checks the value of an attribute of an element, such as its ID, class, name, title, etc. It can also be used to check the state of a checkbox or radio button.



Method &#8211; getAttribute(String Name) : String&nbsp;&nbsp;



Command &#8211; element.getAttribute();&nbsp;



Code Syntax &#8211;




WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(&#8220;SubmitButton&#8221;)); 
String attValue = element.getAttribute(&#8220;id&#8221;); //This will return &#8220;SubmitButton&#8221;




12. getSize Command



The getSize command in Selenium is used to return the width and height of an element. It returns a dictionary object with two keys, width, and height, which contain the width and height of the element, respectively.



Method &#8211; getSize() : Dimension&nbsp;



Command &#8211; element.getSize();&nbsp;



Code Syntax &#8211;




WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(&#8220;SubmitButton&#8221;)); 
Dimension dimensions = element.getSize(); 
System.out.println(&#8220;Height :&#8221; + dimensions.height + &#8220;Width : &#8220;+ dimensions.width);




13. getLocation Command



The getLocation command in Selenium is used to retrieve the current URL of the page that is currently loaded in the browser. This command can be used to verify that the page has loaded correctly and that the URL matches the expected URL.



Method &#8211; getLocation() : Point&nbsp;



Command &#8211; element.getLocation();&nbsp;



Code Syntax &#8211;




WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(&#8220;SubmitButton&#8221;)); 
Point = element.getLocation(); 
System.out.println(&#8220;X coordinate : &#8221; + point.x + &#8220;Y coordinate: &#8221; + point.y);




 <h2 id="h-operations-performed-on-the-webelements">Operations performed on the WebElements</h2>



Working with Web Elements in Selenium can be complex and challenging. However, there are several operations that can be performed on Web Elements to be identified by their attributes like id and name, or they can be located with the help of XPath or CSS selectors.&nbsp;



Furthermore, Web Element states can also be inspected in terms of whether they are enabled or disabled, visible or hidden on the page. As a result, all these operations make Web Elements in Selenium an incredibly useful <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test automation</a> tool for web applications.



Some basic operations performed on the WebElement are &#8211;



<ul><li>Browser Operations &#8211; Launch, navigate, maximize, minimize, refresh and exit.</li><li>Web Page Operations &#8211; Get the title of the page, URL of the page</li><li>Link Operations &#8211; Click on the Link, Return to the home page, and return to the link name</li><li>Edit Box Operations &#8211; Enter a value, get a new value, delete</li><li>Button Operations &#8211; Enable/disable button status, display status update</li><li>Text Operations &#8211; Capture or return messages/texts on the webpage</li><li>Image Operations &#8211; General image display, clickable image function, redirecting image link</li><li>Frame Operations &#8211; Switch to a specific web page frame from the top window and vice versa</li><li>Checkbox Operations &#8211; Tick and undo</li><li>Drop Down Operations &#8211; Click on the drop-down menu, select and get the count</li></ul>



<h2 id="h-locators-in-selenium-webdriver">Locators In Selenium WebDriver</h2>



Selenium WebDriver supports many different locators to help you find Web Elements and interact with them. The basic locators include id, className, name, linkText, partialLinkText, tagName and XPath. Each of these is used in a slightly different way to provide you with the capability to locate Selenium Web Elements quickly and accurately.&nbsp;



Id is one of the most popularly used locators. It helps locate an element based on its unique ID assigned by web developers, while className can help select Web Elements that follow the same style. The name helps identify Web Elements that have the same name tag, and linkText is apt for Web Elements in Selenium with text hyperlinks associated with it.&nbsp;



Similarly, partialLinkText uses part of the text string with Web Elements, and tagName allows you to <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/blog/element-locators-automated-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">locate Web Elements</a> using its HTML tag, while XPath helps to parse through the web pages or XML documents for Web Elements.



<h2 id="h-final-words">Final Words</h2>



While we use Selenium to automate our cross browser tests, scripting all the user actions is possible only with the help of supported programming languages like JAVA, JavaScript, Python, Ruby, C# or .NET. This means that to work with Selenium, you need to have expertise in one programming language at least.This is where Testsigma can help. <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma</a> is a no-code test automation solution, that is open source too. You can start creating your test cases in minutes with no need to learn coding.



<button class="btn bg-primary cta-btn" style="margin: auto"><a href="https://github.com/testsigmahq/testsigma" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color:#fff">Checkout Testsigma open source.</a></button>



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions:</h2>



<h3 id="what-are-the-types-of-web-elements">What are the types of Web Elements?</h3>



Web Elements are the objects that comprise a web page. They can be divided into a number of categories, such as windows, web browsers, web forms, and web objects.&nbsp;



Web forms consist of web elements like text fields, buttons, and checkboxes used to extract information from end users. Last but not least are web elements which include images, videos, hyperlinks, and documents like PDFs.&nbsp;



<h3 id="what-is-the-purpose-of-webelement">What is the purpose of WebElement?</h3>



WebElement (an HTML element) is the interface that allows the Selenium code to interact with various elements on web pages. It allows users to manipulate and assert Web Elements on web pages by selecting, clicking, entering data, etc.



<h3 id="is-size-a-webelement-method">Is size() a WebElement method?</h3>



No, size() is not a WebElement method. It is a method of the built-in Java class java. util.Collection.

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