A typical manual QA tester spends more than 50% of the time in testing the functionality of the application. A majority of time is spent in executing the same test cases multiple times for regression testing. If these repeatedly executed test cases can be automated, a lot of time and manual effort can be saved. 



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_Functional_Testing">1 What is Functional Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_Functional_Test_Automation">2 What is Functional Test Automation?</a></li><li><a href="#How_is_Functional_Test_Automation_in_the_Agile_World_different_as_compared_to_that_in_traditional_testing_models">3 How is Functional Test Automation in the Agile World different as compared to that in traditional testing models?</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_make_Functional_Test_Automation_successful_in_the_Agile_World">4 How to make Functional Test Automation successful in the Agile World?</a></li><li><a href="#Functional_Testing_Tools_that_can_prove_useful">5 Functional Testing Tools that can prove useful:</a></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="what-is-functional-testing">What is Functional Testing?</h2>



Functional Testing is concerned with verifying the functionality of all the features of an application under test(AUT). These functionalities are tested against the feature requirements making sure that all the requirements for a feature are implemented and working accordingly. 



Developers generally create unit tests for the code they write, but Functional Testing is usually the first testing done by the software testing team once a feature is ready for testing. Functional testing is also included at the time of regression testing done before the final release because the user will be first going through the workflow covered under the functional tests. Thus automating these tests becomes important. 







<h2 id="what-is-functional-test-automation">What is Functional Test Automation?</h2>



When the focus of test automation is functional tests, the process is called functional test automation. Most of the test cases automated here are black-box tests that aim to verify the functionality of a particular feature. This testing could be done for user interfaces, APIs, database, security, or any interface that needs some input and gives some output. 



<h2 id="how-is-functional-test-automation-in-the-agile-world-different-as-compared-to-that-in-traditional-testing-models">How is Functional Test Automation in the Agile World different as compared to that in traditional testing models?</h2>



In traditional testing models, different tasks related to development and testing happens one after the other and usually testing starts once the development is complete. This means that the testers do not have much productive work to do while development is in full swing and this also means that developers won’t have much to do while testing is going on unless there are a lot of bugs to fix. 



Agile Methodology provides a solution to these problems by breaking big tasks into small tasks that are doable in each sprint. This also means that a deliverable is supposed to be ready by the end of each sprint for evaluation. Following this strategy, testing also needs to be broken down into smaller tasks that can be taken up at each sprint. For this, functional test automation should start in parallel with development.







<h2 id="how-to-make-functional-test-automation-successful-in-the-agile-world">How to make Functional Test Automation successful in the Agile World? </h2>



An important <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/ux-testing-ux-lessons-learned-from-my-real-life-experiences-part-1/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">part in making functional test</a> automation successful is played by the test automation tool. Hence this tool should be chosen after carefully understanding the needs not only short term but long term too.&nbsp; 



Below mentioned points should give you an idea of how to go about it: 



<ol class="list_style_disc plr15" style="padding-left:0 !important"><li>Decide whether to use an already existing test automation framework or build one from scratch:</li>



At the moment, considering there are multiple options available for software test automation, it is recommended that you go through those options first and decide to build your tool from scratch only in case you are sure your application needs such an in-house framework.&nbsp;



An automation framework may need to be built from scratch if:



<ul class="list_style_disc" style="padding-bottom:20px"><li>the application under test uses a technology whose testing is not supported by any of the available tools in the market.&nbsp;</li><li>building a framework from scratch will prove more beneficial than investing in an already existing tool.</li></ul>



<li>The automation framework should give testers the ability to start with automation when the development starts:</li>



Any automation framework you choose should give your testers the ability to design test cases even before actual implementation is in place. Testers should be able to make those test cases work once the features are developed and ready for testing. 



<li>The low learning curve for creating new test cases:</li>



Time is also an investment in today’s world where software development and deployments are happening at breakneck speed. So, choosing a framework that could be learnt easily in a short time is a good investment to make. 



<li>The automated test cases should be easy to create/edit/maintain:</li>



Being developed in an Agile world, the application will go through multiple changes according to the client’s feedback. To keep up with all the changes with ease, an automation framework/tool is needed that enables easy test creation, edits and maintenance. The tool being used should also have the capability to reuse and regroup already created test steps. 



With the advent of AI, now there are tools available in the market that can automatically maintain test cases that fail due to changes in the application. 



<li>The test cases created under the test automation framework should be easy to understand:</li>



It is unsure if the same tester remains with you during the product’s lifecycle and is highly unlikely so make sure whatever framework you choose, the tests created are easy to understand. The tests should be easy since they need to be reworked on by someone who did not create them at some time. 



At present, there are multiple tools available in the market that automate test cases via plain English test steps or flowcharts or screenshots. You need to decide what best meets your requirements. 



<li>Easy to debug:</li>



If any of the automated test cases fail, there should be ample support in the tool to enable the testers to debug and find the cause of failure. If the tool does not make debugging easy, a lot of time could be spent just figuring out what caused the test case to fail. Some of the most sought out features that help to debug are: 



<ul class="list_style_disc" style="padding-bottom:15px"><li>Step by step execution</li><li>Ability to pause execution while debugging</li><li>Ability to take screenshots at the moment of failure</li><li style="padding-bottom:15px">Ability to skip steps while debugging</li></ul>



<li>Scope of integration with other tools if needed:</li>



There are a lot of stand-alone tools in the market starting with CI/CD tools to reporting tools. Before you start working on test automation, make sure the tool you use supports integration with the tools you may be planning to use or may have been already using.



Also, reporting should provide all the needed information in an easily understandable format. 



<li>Support for different types of Test Data:</li>



For different types of test cases, different types of test data could be needed. Sometimes hardcoded, sometimes passed through CSVs or JSON or XML or any other format. Make sure the tool you are using supports passing test data in the format you need. 



<li>Support for API testing:</li>



At present, APIs are the basis of development of functionalities for a lot of products. If your product also uses APIs, the test automation framework or functional testing tool you plan on using should support the automation of these.&nbsp; 



<li>Support for Visual Testing:</li>



Sometimes a need may arise to test the application visually for eg. for the presence or absence of components or text. The tool should have the support either for performing such testing or the ability to integrate with a tool that will allow testing the application visually. 



<li>Ability to run tests against all needed environments:</li>



These days applications are being released on all kinds of devices including desktops, laptops and mobile devices. The application must be tested on all the supported devices of all screen sizes and hence the support for testing on all needed environments should be verified before choosing a tool for automation. 



<li>Parallel execution of test cases:</li>



When the test cases are less in number, execution does not take much time and parallel execution support does not matter but once the number of automated test cases increase, which is bound to happen eventually. Without parallel execution, the execution of automated test cases can become quite cumbersome and may cause unnecessary delay in providing feedback. 



<li>Ability to host test cases on the cloud:</li>



Most of the companies these days use cloud infrastructure for all their development and testing needs and invest in minimal on-premise infrastructure. Thus, a tool that also enables the testers to host their test cases on the cloud and run them directly there can prove highly beneficial. 



<li>Support:</li>



Whatever tool/framework you decide to use, there will be times when you will come across a situation where external help will be needed. At such times, dedicated support for the tool being used becomes essential to make sure your functional test automation keeps going up without any interruption. 



<li>The automation should provide ROI:</li>



There is no point investing in a tool that takes up all your time in the automation of test cases first and then the maintenance of test cases later. Also, if for automation and for understanding the automated test cases you need to hire new resources with specific skills, which means additional investment in terms of money. And if the automated test cases are brittle and are failing most of the time, the contribution to quality can be considered as negligible.&nbsp; 



So, out of all the points above the most important point to consider is to use a functional testing tool that will give ROI in terms of time, money and quality eventually.&nbsp;







<h2 id="functional-testing-tools-that-can-prove-useful">Functional Testing Tools that can prove useful:</h2>



Considering the above requirements, there are a few tools in the market that meet the above requirements:



<ol><li style="padding-bottom:20px">Testsigma: Test cases can be written in plain English and the AI core ensures that the test cases are maintained automatically in most of the scenarios. The test cases are hosted on the cloud and could be executed on a wide range of devices that are again hosted on the cloud. The tool also supports integration with most of the widely used tools.</li><li style="padding-bottom:20px">TestComplete: Automation could be scriptless via keyword-driven testing or could be done by using supported scripting languages. The test cases could be run on a wide variety of browsers and mobile devices. The tool also supports integration with most of the widely used tools ranging from CI/CD to reporting.</li><li style="padding-bottom:50px">TOSCA: Automation is again scriptless(model-based approach) with easy automatic maintenance support.</li></ol>



 Refer this DZone article to know more about the different <a href="https://dzone.com/articles/scriptless-testing-is-not-just-record-and-playback?utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_source=feedpress.me&amp;utm_campaign=Feed:%20dzone%2Fdevops" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">functional test automation methods and tools</a> available.  



Thus, when you decide to implement functional test automation in your organization, even before choosing the tool to use, it is essential to understand all your requirements and goals end to end.

Criteria and Requirements of Functional Testing in an Agile World

Selenium was first conceptualized in 2004 at ThoughtWorks for website automation and has come a long way from it&#8217;s first Web Driver version to becoming a <a rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="Selenium was first conceptualized in 2004 at ThoughtWorks for website automation and has come a long way from it's first Web Driver version to becoming a W3C standard protocol. With a single interface that lets you write test scripts in programming languages like Ruby, Java, NodeJS, PHP, among others and being open-source has gained quite a lot of popularity so much so that Selenium stands tall among the most popular commercial tools today.
 (opens in a new tab)" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/webdriver/" target="_blank">W3C standard protocol</a>. With a single interface that lets you write test scripts in programming languages like Ruby, Java, NodeJS, PHP, among others and being open-source, Selenium has gained quite a lot of popularity so much so that it stands tall among the most popular commercial tools today. 



Anyone who has worked on&nbsp;<a href="http://seleniumhq.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">Selenium</a>&nbsp;would agree that it is not that easy. If the number of&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/issues" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">issues</a>&nbsp;open at the moment and the number of questions being posted on forums like StackOverflow is any indication, the problems faced by Selenium users does not seem to be decreasing.



The test cases are brittle, the failures are common, and the maintenance of automated test cases takes more time and cost than it takes to automate them. However, with a very strong community and integrations, it is workable. But if you are working in tight timelines, this wouldn&#8217;t be the ideal way. 



If we start thinking about why Selenium tests fail, an obvious reason would be that the websites and the technologies used to build them have been evolving at a fast pace. And the number of additions to the features and functionalities has only been increasing exponentially.



Keeping up with the changes and making sure the tests run reliably every single time is not an easy job. 



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#Let_us_look_at_a_few_reasons_why_Selenium_tests_fail">1 Let us look at a few reasons why Selenium tests fail:</a></li><li><a href="#Some_common_errors_that_most_Selenium_users_may_have_come_across_but_are_easy_to_fix">2 Some common errors that most Selenium users may have come across but are easy to fix:</a></li><li><a href="#Limitations_of_using_Selenium_for_Automation">3 Limitations of using Selenium for Automation:</a></li><li><a href="#Alternatives_to_Selenium">4 Alternatives to Selenium</a></li><li><a href="#Benefits_of_using_above_tools">5 Benefits of using above tools:</a></li></ul></div>
<h2>Let us look at a few reasons why Selenium tests fail:</h2> 



<ol class="list_style_disc plr15" style="padding-left:0 !important"><li>Asynchronous websites</li>



Selenium tests are developed keeping a particular order in mind and when there are websites that are built using asynchronous architecture. The order of response cannot be fixed at all times. In such scenarios, sometimes the responses from the website are not in order. As a result, the test case fails. Such failures are tough to debug as well because they are not reproducible at all times. 



<li>Bugs</li>



With websites rapidly evolving, multiple languages and libraries are available for website development. There are a lot of features that needs to be supported.Selenium does come out with a <a rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="With websites rapidly evolving, multiple languages and libraries are available for website development. There are a lot of features that needs to be supported.
Selenium does come out with a better version frequently supporting any new changes that come up but they also leave out bugs and sometimes these bugs appear while people are trying to automate their websites.
 (opens in a new tab)" href="https://medium.com/hackernoon/selenium-4-0-alpha-released-what-test-automation-engineers-can-expect-6c1838b79243" target="_blank">better version</a> frequently supporting any new change that comes up but they also leave out bugs and sometimes these bugs appear while people are trying to automate their websites. 



<li>Dynamic websites that change without refresh</li>



Now websites are built that do a page reload or refresh rarely and, all the changes happen dynamically using JavaScript on the same page. In some scenarios, if there is a small error in one step, the whole test case fails because there is no opportunity to reload or refresh the page.&nbsp; 



<li>Small changes in the website source code</li>



The most common example of such a change is when a unique ui identifier(also known as locator) of an element on the web page changes. When such a change is checked in, all the test cases that were referring to this unique ui identifier fails and needs to be fixed.
Sometimes small changes are passed on to the code that make the test cases fail but Selenium does not report the exact reason for failure and it makes the test cases seem flaky. 



<li>Timeouts</li>



Timeout errors where Selenium fails while waiting for a component to load are very common while automating using Selenium and can be handled by adding appropriate &#8220;waits&#8221;. Just ensure that explicit waits are only added where necessary because that increases the overall run time of the test case. Implicit waits are better to use in such scenarios.



<h2>Some common errors that most Selenium users may have come across but are easy to fix:</h2> 



<ol class="list_style_disc plr15" style="padding-left:0 !important"><li>Alerts, Pop-ups, Nested IFrames</li>Selenium Users faced problems while automating alerts, pop-ups and Nested IFrames related functionalities on a website but with the latest version of Selenium, this problem has been handled quite well. If there is anything that cannot be handled, it is the OS level alerts because Selenium can only handle website related operations. <li>Selenium WebDriver version mismatch</li>Selenium releases WebDrivers for supported browsers to execute tests on them. If the installed browser on the system does not match the versions supported by the web drivers, an exception like this is reported: “This version of ChromeDriver only supports Chrome version 74”. The solution is to either update the Selenium WebDriver to support the installed browser or update the installed browser to the version supported by selenium webdriver and the error will go away.
 <li>ElementNotFoundException</li>
Sometimes during automation, testers miss out on accounting of small components like the page load progress icon and when the script executes, it fails to find the element that will load after the page loads. These situations can easily be solved by accounting for the page load and waiting for the page to load completely. Sometimes an implicit wait for the required element to load can also solve such problems. <li>TimeOutExceptionThis exception appears when Selenium waited for some operation to complete or for an element to appear or disappear but it did not happen during the time it was expected to wait. The time it is supposed to wait can be configured as well.</li> 



<li>Changing location for Selectors</li></ol>



Sometimes when a site is responsive, the location of the selectors on a web page changes with change in size. This results in test cases failing with the web page size. Such failures can be fixed by using a selector that does not change with changing size for eg. using unique names or ui identifiers as selectors. 



Above are the most common exceptions that people face but if you are looking for a more detailed list, check <a href="https://katalon.com/resources-center/blog/selenium-exceptions">here</a>.
These exceptions may occur while testing using any automated testing tool but there are certain limitations of Selenium that are detailed below.



<h2 style="padding-bottom: 10px">Limitations of using Selenium for Automation: </h2>



<ol class="list_style_disc plr15" style="padding-left:0 !important"><li>Difficult to set up initially</li>



Selenium works with certain programming languages. Elaborate setup for development in the programming language and support for Selenium needs to be prepared before automation can be started.



<li>Substantial time is taken to automate</li>



Because every step has to be coded it takes a good amount of time for just automating a simple workflow.



<li>Substantial time is taken to maintain the test cases</li>



If there are failures in test scripts, it may take a long time to debug and figure out the root cause of failure which also means more cost.



<li>Pass/Fail Reports</li> Selenium does not offer rich reports on its own and requires third party integrations for more than just Pass/Fail error reports.</ol>



<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" width="1407" height="374" data-id="5352" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Testsigma_Banner.png" alt="Testsigma_Banner" class="wp-image-5352"/></a><figcaption>Write simple tests while the AI maintain the tests&nbsp;</figcaption></figure>
</figure>



<h2 id="alternatives-to-selenium">Alternatives to Selenium</h2>



Instead of spending a lot of time, money and effort on getting things to work with Selenium, try using other tools that are there in the market and have dedicated technical support, some of such tools are:



<ol class="list_style_disc plr15" style="padding-left:0 !important"><li>Testsigma</li>



<a rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="Testsigma is an NLP based automated testing tool that lets you create automated tests easily and efficiently in just plain English. The AI-powered system learns to maintain test cases if there are any changes in the website also suggest changes and indicate the tests that will be affected.https://testsigma.com/blog/selenium-alternative-for-automated-regression-testing/ (opens in a new tab)" href="https://testsigma.com" target="_blank">Testsigma</a> is an NLP based automated testing tool that lets you create automated tests easily and efficiently in just plain English.



This AI-powered automated testing tool is an <a rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="Testsigma is an NLP based automated testing tool that lets you create automated tests easily and efficiently in just plain English. This AI-powered automated testing tool is an ideal alternative for Selenium. maintain test cases if there are any changes in the website also suggest changes and indicate the tests that will be affected. (opens in a new tab)" href="https://testsigma.com/blog/selenium-alternative-for-automated-regression-testing/" target="_blank">ideal alternative</a> for Selenium with all the flexibility that enterprise teams need.



 <li>TOSCA</li>



With automatic object recognition and test case maintenance, <a href="https://www.tricentis.com/products/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">TOSCA </a>is a popular&nbsp; automated testing tool.&nbsp;It maximises reusability and increases maintainability with model-based test automation.



 <li>Katalon</li>



With a Selenium-based engine, <a href="https://www.katalon.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="With a Selenium-based engine, Katalon is designed to create and reuse automated test scripts for UI without coding. It is free to use. It also has the option to automate complex scenarios using JAVA or Groovy. (opens in a new tab)">Katalon</a> is designed to create and reuse automated test scripts for UI without coding. It is free to use. It also has the option to automate complex scenarios using JAVA or Groovy.



 <li>TestComplete</li>



Tests can be recorded, scripted or manually created with keyword driven operations and used for automated playback and error logging.While Selenium can only execute tests in a browser (and mobile apps using Appium), <a href="https://smartbear.com/product/testcomplete/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">TestComplete </a>supports Windows applications.



With the support of custom extensions and plugins, TestComplete functions can be extended as per need.



<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" width="1593" height="388" data-id="6004" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Testsigmas-unique-combo.png" alt="Testsigma's unique combo" class="wp-image-6004"/><figcaption>Sign Up for a free Trial!</figcaption></figure>
</figure>



<h2 id="benefits-of-using-above-tools">Benefits of using above tools:</h2>



<ol class="list_style_disc plr15" style="padding-left:0 !important"><li>Dedicated technical support</li>



If you face a problem you will always have support available who will give you a timeline to solve any issue you face. They will also help you figure out the issue in case are stuck. Thus you won’t be left alone in the wild looking for solutions when you need immediate help. 



<li>Easier Test Case Creation</li>



These automated testing tools do not demand scripting/programming skills.&nbsp;Katalon and TestComplete use a record and playback approach for test case creation while TOSCA automatically recognises the objects in the application and then test cases are created using the Model based approach. Testsigma on the other hand lets you write automated tests just using plain English! 



<li>Automatic Test Case maintenance</li>



Testsigma, TOSCA, TestComplete have an AI-powered core that enables automatic maintenance of test cases whenever some changes in the website cause the test cases to fail. 



<li>Easier to set up</li>



Testsigma is a cloud-based automated testing tool that hosts all automated tests on the cloud so you don’t need to spend any time or money on initial setup. There is also support for local executions(Hybrid) on your local devices. In comparison, Testsigma is quite easy to get started. 



<li>Low Learning Curve</li>



The special focus of all the above testing tools is the ease to learn them. Thus a lot of time and money that is spent on learning new tools can be saved if any of these automated testing tools are used. It would be quite easy for beginners into automation to get accustomed with these automated testing tools. 



<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" width="3001" height="834" data-id="4519" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Testsigma3.jpeg" alt="Scriptless Test Automation Tool_Testsigma" class="wp-image-4519"/></figure>
</figure>



Selenium is still a mainstream automated testing tool since its inception but now the times are changing and when there are new technologies like AI and ML being employed, teams should explore them to actually know what they have to offer.



Since development workflows are now more complex than they have ever been, and will probably grow yet more complex over time. Selenium is poised to remain relevant for modern application testing. Depending on the requirements, we should be more open to exploring more automated testing tools and choose the relevant one that properly fit our testing requirements.



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code><a href="https://www.freepik.com/free-photos-vectors/business" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">Business vector created by freepik - www.freepik.com</a></code></pre>

Why Do Selenium Tests Fail? : Top Reasons

AI in Software Testing | What it is & How to use AI in Testing

Software KPIs or Key Performance Indicators in the software testing industry are some measurable values computed to gauge the efficiency and effectiveness of the software testing process as a whole.&nbsp;



Though it may seem natural to use software testing KPIs to gauge efficiency, there is a divide between the people of the testing community on using KPIs in the Software Testing industry. Some say that Software Testing KPIs can&#8217;t help achieve a much-needed balance between time, cost, and quality, while others swear by their effectiveness.



Organizations have different products, so the development methodology and the testing processes are different too.



So what a QA individual or manager needs is to: 1. Understand the process 2. Review the KPIs that can be measured 3. Figure out the KPIs for quality that should be measured for maximum effectiveness according to your project.



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_are_the_KPIs_in_Software_Testing">1 What are the KPIs in Software Testing?</a></li><li><a href="#When_are_the_Software_Testing_KPIs_beneficial">2 When are the Software Testing KPIs beneficial?</a></li><li><a href="#When_is_the_Software_Testing_KPIs_not_useful">3 When is the Software Testing KPIs not useful?</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">4 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#How_Do_you_Measure_QA_Success">4.1 How Do you Measure QA Success?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_Software_Testing_Key_Performance_IndicatorsKPIs">4.2 What is Software Testing Key Performance Indicators(KPIs)?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_the_Difference_Between_Software_Testing_Metrics_and_KPIs">4.3 What is the Difference Between Software Testing Metrics and KPIs?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_KPI_for_the_QA_Department">4.4 What is KPI for the QA Department?</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Suggested_Reading">5 Suggested Reading</a></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="what-are-the-kpis-in-software-testing">What are the KPIs in Software Testing?</h2>



There is no hard and fast rule to measure all these KPIs and you can also come up with KPIs that are not mentioned in the list. The most common KPIs that are measured in the software testing industry:



<p id="active-defectsall-the-defects-that-are-yet-to-close-are-called-active-defects-it-could-have-new-defects-that-are-open-or-that-are-fixed-but-not-verified-the-testing-manager-needs-to-decide-on-a-threshold-value-beyond-which-immediate-action-will-have-to-be-taken-about-how-to-proceed-to-lower-the-number-of-functional-defects-the-general-rule-is-that-the-lower-the-number-of-functional-defects-the-better-the-product-quality-at-a-point-in-time"><li>Active Defects </li>All the defects that are yet to close are called Active Defects. It could have new defects that are open or that are fixed but not verified. The testing manager needs to decide on a threshold value beyond which immediate action will have to be taken about how to proceed to lower the number of functional defects. The general rule is that the lower the number of functional defects, the better the product quality at a point in time.



<li>Authored Tests </li>This KPI measures the number of test cases designed during a defined time interval. This also helps measure the test cases against requirements, and the designed test cases can be further evaluated for inclusion in the regression or ad hoc test suite.



<li>Automated Tests</li>



This KPI measures the percentage of test cases automated against the total number of test cases. Usually, a higher percentage means a better probability of catching any breaks during automation runs. The threshold for the percentage of automation should be decided according to the type of product and cost of automation.



<li>Covered Requirements</li>



This KPI is used to measure the mapping of test cases to requirements. A test manager is required to ensure that all the requirements have corresponding test cases, and action should be taken on any requirements that could not be mapped to any test case and vice versa. The goal is to keep the mapping of requirements to test cases to 100%.



<li>Code Coverage</li>



This KPI is used by testers to ascertain the percentage of code they cover with their automated tests.



<li>Defects Fixed Per Day</li>



This is used to measure the effectiveness of the development but is subjective as some bugs could be more challenging to fix than others. This could be used to predict the amount of work for the testing team.



<li>Passed Requirements</li>



This KPI becomes valid when the release of a product is being planned. If any requirement has yet to pass testing, the release should be delayed.



<li>Passed Tests</li>



To understand the effectiveness of the test case design process, the number of defects reported via designed test cases is measured, where test cases passed means the design is practical and vice versa.



<li>Rejected Defects</li>



This KPI measures the percentage of rejected defects compared to the total defects reported. If the percentage is higher than the set threshold value, the underlying issue must be identified and acted upon. This could mean more training for software testers or better requirement documentation.



<li>Reviewed Requirements</li>



This KPI is to make sure that any requirement that the testing and development team is working on has been reviewed by the subject matter expert and is good to go. Reviewed requirements could lead to accurate development and testing, proving costly in the long run.



<li>Severe Defects</li>



This KPI aims to keep the number of severe defects in an application at a time under a limit if there are more severe defects, then immediate action is needed. But before using this, the testing team needs to be properly trained to identify severe defects correctly.



<li>Test Instances Executed</li>



This KPI is to measure the velocity of test execution at any point in time to make sure that the testing cycle is on track for the release.



<li>Tests Executed</li>



This KPI measures the total number of test cases executed on a build, including manual and automated, at any given time. This is also a Velocity KPI. Read here about <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/velocity-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Velocity Testing</a>.



<li>Time Schedule and Constraint</li>



This KPI is used to measure the average time of test execution. This helps provide testing time estimates during release planning or the development and testing plans to the project managers.



<li>Defects Closure Rate</li>



This KPI measures testers&#8217; efficiency in verifying and closing the fixed defects; this also helps to estimate the release cycle better.







<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" width="863" height="616" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/software-test-KPI-12.jpg" alt="software testing kpis" class="wp-image-22133"/></figure>



<h2 id="when-are-the-software-testing-kpis-beneficial">When are the Software Testing KPIs beneficial?</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" width="733" height="485" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/software-test-KPI-11-1.jpg" alt="Software Testing KPIs beneficial" class="wp-image-22137"/></figure>



<ul><li>You have been working on the same software testing process for a while.&nbsp;</li></ul>



When you have implemented a testing process successfully and have executed it a few times, it is the right time to measure the KPIs to know the areas where your testing process needs improvement.



<ul><li>You have an extensive testing team.</li></ul>



Having a big testing team also means that there will be an extensive distribution of testing tasks. So to make sure that the tasks are distributed effectively and are conducted efficiently, measuring some testing KPIs will prove beneficial and will also help to keep everyone on track.



<ul><li>You are thinking of introducing new processes for testing.</li></ul>



If you are revamping your testing process, it will be helpful to have some KPIs measured to the original process. It will help you decide what goals to achieve with the new testing processes.



For an organization looking to measure KPIs, it is essential to understand the existing testing process and then measure the KPIs that will bring out the necessary improvements. Knowing what value addition you are looking for is essential because these KPIs, if not used properly, could easily lead you in the wrong direction.



<h2 id="when-is-the-software-testing-kpis-not-useful">When is the Software Testing KPIs not useful?</h2>



Although measuring the effectiveness of a process is essential to know if you are doing it right, measuring the testing process via quality KPIs will not make sense in a scenario where:



<ol><li>If your product has just started with Testing:If you are going to launch your product for the first time and testing has just started, there won&#8217;t be much to measure. This time will be crucial to put a testing process in place rather than measuring the effectiveness of the testing process.</li><li>If you are not planning to have a long testing cycle:If you are making a product that would not be changing for a long time after the launch and testing will be a one-time process, measurement of the effectiveness of the process would not be beneficial as you won&#8217;t have any new testing cycles to improve upon.</li><li>If you are on a restricted budget:Just like doing any activity, measuring testing KPIs also takes time and effort and, consequently, costs. So rather than measuring the KPIs, applying a cost-effective testing process should be the primary focus when the budget for testing is restricted.</li></ol>



By ensuring the above, you are also <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/optimize-your-testing-efforts-for-continuous-delivery/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">optimizing Testing for Continuous Delivery</a>.



If you have an organization planning to move to test automation but are worried about the learning curve and time constraints during implementing it, look out for tools that enable you to automate test cases in as much time as creating them manually will take. This will help improve multiple KPIs for quality, such as Automated Tests, Covered Requirements, Passed Requirements, Passed Tests, etc.<a href="https://testsigma.com/">Testsigma</a> is one such tool that is quickly recognized for its ease of use and the negligible learning curve!



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<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" width="733" height="485" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/software-test-KPI-10.jpg" alt="When are the Software Testing KPIs not useful" class="wp-image-22139"/></figure>



<div style="height:30px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<a href="https://testsigma.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma</a> is one such tool that is quickly getting recognized for the ease of use and the negligible learning curve!



<h2 id="frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="frequently-asked-questions">How Do you Measure QA Success?</h3>



QA success can be measured using KPIs, which will help to get an idea about the test performance. Some key points which are mentioned in KPIs are given below.



<ul><li>Numbers of functional defects in the software.</li><li>Number of tests written in a time frame.</li><li>Numbers of automated cases present in testing.&nbsp;</li><li>How much code is covered in the test cases?</li><li>How many defects are being fixed per day?</li></ul>



<h3 id="what-is-software-testing-key-performance-indicators-kpis">What is Software Testing Key Performance Indicators(KPIs)?</h3>



Key performance indicators(KPIs) in software testing are the calculated data that help to measure the performance and effectiveness of testing. It gives an idea if the software testing is progressing in the right direction and whether it will be done on time.



<h3 id="what-is-the-difference-between-software-testing-metrics-and-kpis">What is the Difference Between Software Testing Metrics and KPIs?</h3>



Software testing metrics are the data used to track and monitor the various operations performed by the testers. Whereas organizations and testers use key performance indicators (KPIs) to determine testing effectiveness and the time and cost required to complete the testing.



<h3 id="h-what-is-kpi-for-the-qa-department">What is KPI for the QA Department?</h3>



KPI for QA is calculated by : The number of tests in a specific time period = Number of tests run/Total time.



Following initial testing, these periods should reduce and eventually settle at a basic level. QA teams can improve these figures by investigating which tests can be executed concurrently or automatically.



<h2 id="suggested-reading">Suggested Reading</h2>



<customlinks>
<ts-link-item>
<ts-linktext-value>Positive and Negative Testing Scenarios</ts-linktext-value>
<ts-linkurl-value>https://testsigma.com/blog/positive-and-negative-testing-scenarios/</ts-linkurl-value>
</ts-link-item>
<ts-link-item>
<ts-linktext-value>Software Testing Errors</ts-linktext-value>
<ts-linkurl-value>https://testsigma.com/blog/software-testing-errors-to-look-out-for-with-examples/</ts-linkurl-value>
</ts-link-item>
<ts-link-item>
<ts-linktext-value>Software Testing Trends</ts-linktext-value>
<ts-linkurl-value>https://testsigma.com/blog/top-software-testing-trends-to-look-out-for-in-2022/</ts-linkurl-value>
</ts-link-item>
<ts-link-item>
<ts-linktext-value>Software Testing Interview Questions</ts-linktext-value>
<ts-linkurl-value>https://testsigma.com/blog/software-testing-interview-questions/</ts-linkurl-value>
</ts-link-item>
<ts-link-item>
<ts-linktext-value>Rapid software testing</ts-linktext-value>
<ts-linkurl-value>https://testsigma.com/blog/rapid-software-testing/</ts-linkurl-value>
</ts-link-item>
<ts-link-item>
<ts-linktext-value>Types of review in software testing</ts-linktext-value>
<ts-linkurl-value>https://testsigma.com/blog/types-of-review-in-software-testing/</ts-linkurl-value>
</ts-link-item>
</customlinks>

What are the KPIs of Software Testing and QA

What are the KPIs of Software Testing and QA Metrics?

Software Test Automation What To Expect In The Near Future

Future of Automation Testing: 9 Important Aspects that Expects Change in Future

<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_NLP">1 What is NLP?</a></li><li><a href="#How_is_NLP_Helping_the_World">2 How is NLP Helping the World?</a></li><li><a href="#Current_Practices_in_Test_Automation_Industry">3 Current Practices in Test Automation Industry</a></li><li><a href="#NLP_Based_Test_Automation">4 NLP Based Test Automation</a></li><li><a href="#What_does_NLP_with_Smart_Test_Automation_Look_Like">5 What does NLP with Smart Test Automation Look Like?</a></li><li><a href="#Why_NLP_for_Smart_Test_Automation">6 Why NLP for Smart Test Automation?</a></li><li><a href="#When_Not_to_Use_NLP">7 When Not to Use NLP?</a></li><li><a href="#Tools_that_Use_NLP_for_Smart_Test_Automation">8 Tools that Use NLP for Smart Test Automation</a></li><li><a href="#Advantages_of_Using_NLP_Based_Test_Automation_Tools">9 Advantages of Using NLP Based Test Automation Tools</a></li><li><a href="#Disadvantages_of_Using_NLP-Based_Test_Automation_Tools">10 Disadvantages of Using NLP-Based Test Automation Tools</a></li><li><a href="#Why_Does_the_Test_Automation_Industry_Need_to_Move_to_NLP">11 Why Does the Test Automation Industry Need to Move to NLP?</a><ul><li><ul><li><a href="#Check_out_how_you_can_write_reliable_NLP_based_test_scripts_that_make_Test_Automation_effortless">11.0.1 Check out how you can write reliable NLP based test scripts that make Test Automation effortless!</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">12 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#Is_NLP_Part_of_Automation">12.1 Is NLP Part of Automation?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_NLP_Used_For">12.2 What is NLP Used For?</a></li><li><a href="#What_are_the_Four_Applications_of_NLP">12.3 What are the Four Applications of NLP?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="what-is-nlp">What is NLP?</h2>



Natural Language Processing (NLP) refers to a branch of Computer Science, or in more simple words, let us say it refers to a branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI).



It is a process with which computers are able to understand the text and the spoken words in the same way as human beings can.



NLP describes the process of making the interaction between human languages and computers possible.



This technology has been around for years and is now being used by several people on a daily basis. We all must have come across NLP in some way or the other in our daily lives.



Alexa, the Amazon voice service is an example of a solution based on NLP. Siri, the voice assistant by Apple and Google Assistant also use this technology.



Some other examples of NLP include:



<ul><li>Spell Check</li><li>Voice text messaging</li><li>Spam filters</li><li>Autocomplete</li></ul>



<h2 id="how-is-nlp-helping-the-world">How is NLP Helping the World?</h2>



If we look around, natural language processing is present everywhere, either in the form of text or speech. There have been numerous studies to make our interactions with machines effortless.



Natural Language Processing(NLP) is when new tools/devices/software/machines are made to understand natural language and make it more friendly to interact with.



NLP is a branch of artificial intelligence that aims to make the interactions between machines and humans as much simple and close to natural language as possible.



When NLP is introduced to a system, you don’t need to learn a new set of rules to work with the system. In some systems, the input is in the form of natural language while in some, the output is readable. Making the natural language interaction with machines, software and systems possible reduces the overhead in learning multiple programming languages for interaction and precious time can be used to accomplish the task at hand efficiently.&nbsp;&nbsp;



<h2 id="current-practices-in-test-automation-industry">Current Practices in Test Automation Industry</h2>



Now, there are multiple tools in the test automation industry that are being used to automate test cases and workflows. There are a few tools that gained huge popularity at one time. Because the majority of people are trained in these tools and also because of lack of sufficient analysis and planning at the time of choosing the right tool for automation, adoption of new technology-based tools have been tough and people still continue to use these tools that have been in the market for a long time.



What is overlooked is the time that it takes to design these test cases and the compromises done with the ease of maintenance and understandability of the test cases for other stakeholders.



Most of the times, design and maintenance takes the majority of the time allotted for automation of test scenarios and there is an extra cost for maintenance of the test automation team and training on specific tools being implemented.



Test script development is a tedious process and updating and maintaining them for every change does not come easy. A lot of time is spent on the initial test script authoring.



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 It is important that we perform automation to keep pace with the increasing complexity of applications. A simple but effective approach to Automation Testing would be <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/scriptless-test-automation/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Scriptless Test Automation</a>.



Though there are other approaches like the Record and Playback method to <a href="https://testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">automation testing</a>, NLP based testing is not only intuitively easy but reliable.&nbsp;



<h2 id="nlp-based-test-automation">NLP Based Test Automation</h2>



Scriptless Test Automation using NLP is like the icing on the cake because scripts are created in Natural language and still give the option to add more complex scenarios or adapt to new changes.&nbsp; With NLP, you can still write your own tests but without the complexities of traditional test automation.



Tools like <a href="https://testsigma.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="Tools like Testsigma implement NLP in Test Automation in a way that complex automation can be done easily in plain natural language that can be understood by all. With a minimum or no amount of training, complex automated tests can be written with no coding involved.
 (opens in a new tab)">Testsigma</a> implement NLP in Test Automation in a way that complex automation can be done easily in plain natural language that can be understood by all. With a minimum or no amount of training, complex automated tests can be written with no coding involved. 



The dynamic locator strategy is a powerful feature that makes sure that the tests do not break for any change in the application UI. The test cases can be run on a custom cloud with your preferred web, mobile devices.



Testsigma also has an AI(artificial intelligence) core which suggests fixes to affected test cases as a result of a change.



<h2 id="what-does-nlp-with-smart-test-automation-look-like">What does NLP with Smart Test Automation Look Like?</h2>



Using NLP in Smart Test Automation, the tests are carried out in natural understandable language. The use of NLP in test automation minimizes the test creation time. It is done in a format that is intuitively easy for anyone to quickly adapt and use.



There are several tools like TestSigma that use simple plain English to automate tests. The changing UI elements are maintained by AI.



NLP-based tests can accommodate changes anytime and can easily be edited(if required). NLP makes it easier to automate all of your test cases and tightly integrates them with your dynamic delivery pipeline while optimizing the user experience.



<h2 id="why-nlp-for-smart-test-automation">Why NLP for Smart Test Automation?</h2>



There are many benefits that can be gained by using NLP for Smart Test automation.



<ul><li>Low Learning Curve. Since the tests are written in natural language, it is not mandatory for a tester or anyone from the team to have programming knowledge in order to go through it.</li><li>Since the test cases are created in natural language which does not need to be learnt. The time spent on test creation is reduced.</li><li>And similarly, the test cases become easier to maintain as well.</li></ul>



<h2 id="when-not-to-use-nlp">When Not to Use NLP?</h2>



There are some disadvantages to the use of NLP in test automation:



NLP should not be used in scenarios where your project requirements are not fulfilled by all the functionalities the tool can offer via NLP. In such cases check if customization is allowed in other languages. Or go for another tool that lets you automate according to your project requirements



<h2 id="tools-that-use-nlp-for-smart-test-automation">Tools that Use NLP for Smart Test Automation</h2>



Tools like&nbsp;<a href="https://testsigma.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma</a>&nbsp;use NLP in Test Automation in a way that complex automation can be done easily in plain natural language that can be understood by all. With a minimum or no amount of training, complex automated tests can be written with no coding involved



In addition to plain natural language test creation, Testsigma also offers some additional features that make your test automation smart. These features include:



<ul><li>Possible Failure Detection – Affected Test Cases</li><li>Test Management Capabilities(Requirements, Test Suites, Test Case priorities etc)</li><li>Automatic Bug Reporting(JIRA)</li><li>Shared Object Repository</li><li>State Management</li></ul>



Another such example of a smart test automation tool is ‘<a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.indiumsoftware.com/uphorix-platform/" target="_blank">uphorix</a>’.



Features include:&nbsp;



<ul><li>Low code automation</li><li>Intelligent scripting</li><li>Swift compatibility</li><li>Native Test Data generator</li></ul>



<h2 id="advantages-of-using-nlp-based-test-automation-tools">Advantages of Using NLP Based Test Automation Tools</h2>



<ul><li>Low Learning Curve</li></ul>



One of the major problems that NLP aims to solve is the high learning curve for most of the automation tools that need some programming language to be learnt to automate test cases. NLP supports the creation of test cases using Natural Language which means there is no specific set of rules that needs to be learnt or understood.



<li>Easy to Read and Understand test cases</li>



When test cases are created using Natural Language, they are not only but understandable for users at all levels. These include BAs, Manual Testers, QA Managers, stakeholders, etc. This means any member of the team can have a look at the test cases and review them if needed.



<li>Easy to Maintain test cases</li>



When the test cases are easy to read with just the need to set up some configurations in the background, re-iterating through them and introducing changes becomes easier too.



<li>All Stakeholders can be involved during test case creation</li>



As creating the test cases only needs the knowledge of natural language being used for eg. English, the test cases can be created by anyone in the team, this means manual testers who know the system better can be involved to write the test cases and also, anyone from the product or project management or the client-side can drop in to enhance the quality and coverage of the test cases.







<h2 id="disadvantages-of-using-nlp-based-test-automation-tools">Disadvantages of Using NLP-Based Test Automation Tools</h2>



<ul><li>A new tool</li></ul>



Not really a disadvantage but when a new tool is adopted for some major workflow in an organization it means there will be some time taken to evaluate what it offers, how it is different from the previous tools and then finally how to use it to best suit the organization. This involves a bit of an effort at the outset.



<li>Existing automation infrastructure will need changing</li>



For an NLP based Test Automation tool, the major disadvantage for a team that already has a full-fledged team working on a test automation solution is the cost of moving to a new tool may prove too much and at such times the decision to move to a new tool should only be taken when it is sure to&nbsp; prove beneficial in the long run. Also, let us not forget the <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/reluctance-to-abandon-automated-tests-switch-to-scriptless-automation-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">reluctance to abandon existing automated testing approaches</a> and make a shift to a rather new approach to automation testing.



<li>Special Automation Team can seem redundant</li>



As is common practice, legacy automation testing tools need special skills for automation, it becomes essential to keep a dedicated team of automation testers. For NLP tools, automation testing can be performed by manual testers, BAs and stakeholders. The automation testing team may seem redundant to some but there are more important things to manage. 



<li>New Tools may not have a great online presence</li>



When new tools are being researched on, one of the major reasons behind choosing them is their online presence. When adopting new tools for eg. the ones with NLP, this may prove to be a road-block, but the tool owners aim to provide full help and support via their support staff.







<h2 id="why-does-the-test-automation-industry-need-to-move-to-nlp">Why Does the Test Automation Industry Need to Move to NLP?</h2>



Tools like <a aria-label="Tools like Testsigma use NLP for test case creation and have AI at its core and need special mention here because they aim to provide end to end solution for automation on the cloud reducing test automation worries to the minimum.
 (opens in a new tab)" href="https://testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma</a> use NLP for test case creation and have AI at its core and need special mention here because they aim to provide end to end solution for automation on the cloud reducing test automation worries to the minimum.



NLP based automated tests can easily be edited(if need be) and makes it easier to automate all the test cases and tightly integrate them with the dynamic delivery pipeline while optimizing the user experience.



With the simplicity of NLP based tests, flexible, easily understandable tests can be created which well suits Agile development and allows for iterative delivery of quality software!



<h4 id="check-out-how-you-can-write-reliable-nlp-based-test-scripts-that-make-test-automation-effortless">Check out how you can write reliable NLP based test scripts that make Test Automation effortless! </h4>



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<h2 id="frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="is-nlp-part-of-automation">Is NLP Part of Automation?</h3>



Yes, NLP is part of the test automation tool. NLP-driven test automation tool makes it easy to write the test automation script using plain English used in day-to-day life. NLP-supported test automation tool required little or no knowledge of programming language.



<h3 id="what-is-nlp-used-for">What is NLP Used For?</h3>



NLP means natural language processing. It helps to communicate with computing devices and software in plain English. For example, if a test automation tool provides NLP&#8217;s, then you will be able to write the test cases in plain English used in day-to-day life instead of using the scripting language.



<h3 id="what-are-the-four-applications-of-nlp">What are the Four Applications of NLP?</h3>



Four applications of the NLP are



<ul><li>Test automation- Used in the test automation tools to make the test script creation easy.</li><li>Email filter- It is used in email management software to categorize and filter emails automatically.&nbsp;</li><li>Predictive text- Whenever you get the suggestion of text or a whole sentence, NLP works behind the scenes.&nbsp;</li><li>Language translation- It helps to make language translation more efficient and effective.</li></ul>

Natural Language Processing (NLP) Based Test Automation

Enhancing the robustness of CI/CD Pipeline

CI CD Test Automation | Ways To Enhance the Robustness

With advancements in technology, major areas in every field are researching and employing new tools to simplify their workflows and make things simpler. These tools also mean reduced effort and time. But as is common, we are apprehensive of anything new and are reluctant to step out of the comfort zone and into an unknown territory.



The same is the case with new improved automation testing approaches like <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/scriptless-test-automation-solution-how-to-use-it-to-improve-your-testing-roi/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="The same is the case with new improved automation testing approaches like Scriptless automation testing that are now being introduced in the market. (opens in a new tab)">Scriptless automation testing</a> that are now being introduced in the market.



<div>&nbsp;</div>



Some common thoughts that prevent us from exploring such new tools are “Scriptless automation is not really going to be that easy”, “What if something unexpected happens?”, “What if this is not the right way?”, “But I&#8217;m halfway through. I&#8217;m not jumping in that bandwagon! ”.



And, “What is wrong with our current processes?”, ”We don’t really need a change, all our needs are met.”, “Embracing new processes means new sets of tools and processes, and again it will need either hiring new people or training the existing ones.”



 



Of course, fearing the unknown is good but why rule it all? Giving these scriptless automation testing tools a try and <a rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="Of course, fearing the unknown is obvious and good but giving these scriptless automation testing tools a try and comparing them with the traditional scripted ones in all aspects is the need of the hour for better adoption of technology and moving ahead.
 (opens in a new tab)" href="https://testsigma.com/blog/selenium-alternative-for-automated-regression-testing/" target="_blank">comparing them with the traditional scripted ones</a> in all aspects is the need of the hour for better adoption of technology and moving ahead. Let us discuss the reasons why new user-friendly scriptless automation testing tools are still only a second thought.



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><ul><li><a href="#The_market_tends_to_lean_towards_open_source_and_free_technologies">0.1 The market tends to lean towards open source and free technologies</a></li><li><a href="#There_are_a_lot_of_test_cases_that_are_automated_already_moving_to_a_new_tool_seems_cumbersome_and_expensive">0.2 There are a lot of test cases that are automated already, moving to a new tool seems cumbersome and expensive</a></li><li><a href="#When_tools_are_being_researched_for_implementation_the_famous_and_widely_adopted_ones_are_generally_preferred">0.3 When tools are being researched for implementation, the famous and widely adopted ones are generally preferred</a></li><li><a href="#Fear_of_the_unknown">0.4 Fear of the unknown</a></li><li><a href="#Maintaining_the_current_automated_tests_is_tedious">0.5 Maintaining the current automated tests is tedious</a></li><li><a href="#Because_of_the_high_learning_curve_of_the_automation_testing_tool_in_use_there_are_just_a_handful_of_resources_that_can_debug_the_test_cases">0.6 Because of the high learning curve of the automation testing tool in use, there are just a handful of resources that can debug the test cases</a></li><li><a href="#You_are_looking_to_reduce_the_time_and_cost_involved_in_writing_and_maintaining_your_automated_test_cases_in_the_long_run">0.7 You are looking to reduce the time and cost involved in writing and maintaining your automated test cases in the long run</a></li><li><a href="#An_overhaul_in_the_product_is_being_planned">0.8 An overhaul in the product is being planned</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Try_Testsigma_for_Scriptless_Automation_Testing">1 Try Testsigma for Scriptless Automation Testing</a></li></ul></div>
<h3 id="the-market-tends-to-lean-towards-open-source-and-free-technologies">The market tends to lean towards open source and free technologies</h3>



As Open Source and Free tools like Selenium and Appium don’t require an initial investment to learn and apply, the number of people skilled in such tools is much more compared to the paid ones. This also means that these tools are adopted by more number of companies than the ones that would require monetary investment on the automation testing tool.&nbsp; 



Thus, Ease-of-use and less cost of resources, in the long run, is a factor that is missed accounting for when automation is planned. 



<h3 id="there-are-a-lot-of-test-cases-that-are-automated-already-moving-to-a-new-tool-seems-cumbersome-and-expensive">There are a lot of test cases that are automated already, moving to a new tool seems cumbersome and expensive</h3>



When a lot of time and money has been invested during the automation of test cases and there is a large test suite that is being executed already. It does make much sense to move these to a new scriptless automation testing tool. Even though it will be scriptless, it will require some time for covering all test cases. 



This is a valid point unless the test cases are proving too much to be maintained. This point will be discussed in detail later in the article. 



<h3 id="when-tools-are-being-researched-for-implementation-the-famous-and-widely-adopted-ones-are-generally-preferred">When tools are being researched for implementation, the famous and widely adopted ones are generally preferred</h3>



Before any automation testing is put into place, most of the companies spend some time in figuring out the tool that best suit their needs. One of the major factors in picking up a tool is the high adoption rate. If there are multiple organizations that use a tool, the trust factor is more.



People also rely on experience when the question of using an automation testing&nbsp; tool comes up. If in an organization there is someone who has previously worked on a tool, that tool will automatically get preference because that is known to work first hand. Again, in this scenario, the much-needed analysis before choosing the right tool is skipped and the advantage of using a scriptless automation tool is mostly forgotten. 



<h3 id="fear-of-the-unknown">Fear of the unknown</h3>



As discussed before, when someone is asked to use a new tool that has not been widely used yet. The fear of unknown failures and the belief that help, when needed, would not be readily available, prevents people from adopting it. 



Even though we discussed why there is a reluctance to abandon already automated tests, we also need to know what are the scenarios when adopting new scriptless automation tools will prove beneficial for you. 



<h3 id="maintaining-the-current-automated-tests-is-tedious">Maintaining the current automated tests is tedious</h3>



If you would look at testimonials of people using scriptless automation testing tools in the market like Testsigma or any other, you will find out that people have moved very large sets of test cases to new automation tools and have saved time and money in the long run. So, if there are moments when the amount of time and effort that is being spent while automating the test cases seems to get on your nerves, re-evaluating the tools used will prove beneficial.&nbsp; 



<h3 id="because-of-the-high-learning-curve-of-the-automation-testing-tool-in-use-there-are-just-a-handful-of-resources-that-can-debug-the-test-cases">Because of the high learning curve of the automation testing tool in use, there are just a handful of resources that can debug the test cases</h3>



If there are a limited number of people that can write and debug your test cases and you have a large testing team, it is time to switch to a testing automation tool that enables all the users to create the test cases. The way to go here is a scriptless test automation tool. The need to collaborate is important too. 



<h3 id="you-are-looking-to-reduce-the-time-and-cost-involved-in-writing-and-maintaining-your-automated-test-cases-in-the-long-run">You are looking to reduce the time and cost involved in writing and maintaining your automated test cases in the long run</h3>



A scriptless automation testing tool may require some investment upfront but what needs to be considered is the total cost involved in learning the tool, test case automation and maintenance. If the total cost is less than the cost for another tool that has a higher learning curve and requires more time for test case automation and maintenance, then the choice is clear.&nbsp; 



A scriptless automation testing tool like <a rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="A scriptless automation tool like Testsigma that offers AI supported scriptless automation and test case maintenance, is sure to keep the maintenance cost to a minimum. (opens in a new tab)" href="https://testsigma.com" target="_blank">Testsigma</a> that offers AI supported test case maintenance is sure to keep the maintenance cost to a minimum.



<h3 id="an-overhaul-in-the-product-is-being-planned">An overhaul in the product is being planned</h3>



If your product is going through an overhaul, it is the perfect time to reconsider your choices in terms of the automation testing tool being used and if possible, go for a better solution.



Check out the different scriptless testing methods you need to check out!



<figure class="wp-block-embed-wordpress wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-testsigma-blog"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
<blockquote class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="91jgVqEcY1"><a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/scriptless-automated-testing-is-not-the-same-as-record-and-playback/">Record and Playback Testing vs Scriptless Automation Testing: Which is Good?</a></blockquote><iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" title="&#8220;Record and Playback Testing vs Scriptless Automation Testing: Which is Good?&#8221; &#8212; Testsigma Blog" src="https://testsigma.com/blog/scriptless-automated-testing-is-not-the-same-as-record-and-playback/embed/#?secret=sI9sxX4SuO#?secret=91jgVqEcY1" data-secret="91jgVqEcY1" width="500" height="282" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"></iframe>
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<h2 id="try-testsigma-for-scriptless-automation-testing">Try Testsigma for Scriptless Automation Testing</h2>



In today’s times, when Testsigma provides automation that can be scriptless, test cases that can be maintained via artificial intelligence, can be hosted on the cloud saving infrastructure cost, can be integrated with all widely used tools for analysis and reporting and last but not the least, the test cases can be run on a device farm in addition to physical devices!



Check out <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/scriptless-test-automation-tool-why-testsigma/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="Check out Why Choose Testsigma as your Scriptless Test Automation Tool? (opens in a new tab)">Why Choose Testsigma as your Scriptless Test Automation Tool</a>? 



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Reluctance To Abandon Automated Tests And Switch To Scriptless Automation Testing

Test automation is being increasingly adopted by a majority of software companies. And yet, there are many that stay away from it. The biggest concern of these organizations is that they are not sure if the investment they put in test automation will ever bring back returns. 



Another aspect of the same problem is that although everyone involved with the development of a project has been involved in manual testing at some level. When it comes to automation, they often find themselves in the unknown and hence unsure. Hopefully, by the end of this article, we will be in a better position to solve both the problems. 



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#Current_Practices">1 Current Practices</a></li><li><a href="#Contribution_From_Different_Resources">2 Contribution From Different Resources</a></li><li><a href="#What_Is_Needed">3 What Is Needed?</a></li><li><a href="#What_Do_New_Improvements_In_Test_Automation_Industry_Entail">4 What Do New Improvements In Test Automation Industry Entail?</a></li><li><a href="#What_Are_The_Benefits_Of_Using_Test_Automation_Tools_That_Use_New_Technologies_And_Techniques">5 What Are The Benefits Of Using Test Automation Tools That Use New Technologies And Techniques?</a></li><li><a href="#How_Will_The_Adoption_Of_New_Tools_Lead_To_Test_Automation_Becoming_More_Inclusive">6 How Will The Adoption Of New Tools Lead To Test Automation Becoming More Inclusive?</a></li></ul></div>
<h3 id="current-practices">Current Practices</h3>



A typical day in the life of an Agile software development team that has also invested in test automation looks like this:



<ol><li>Developer checks in code</li><li>The code is built</li><li>The Automated set of test cases is executed on the built code</li><li>If the automated test cases run successfully then the code is deployed, else the cycle repeats</li></ol>



When software development is under progress and the quality assurance team is waiting for a feature to be ready for testing, their tasks include:



<ol><li>Creation of manual test cases for features that are in development.</li><li>Automation of test cases for tested and stable features.</li><li>Editing and update of the automated test cases that fail because of a change in the code.</li></ol>



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<h3 id="contribution-from-different-resources">Contribution From Different Resources</h3>



Test automation can be done on multiple levels and different members of the team can contribute in different ways.



Automation of black-box test cases is done by the quality assurance people who have special skills to do these tasks. The contribution from developers is in the form of unit tests and white box test cases that they add to test their own code.



<a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://dzone.com/articles/continuous-testing-functional-experts-agile" target="_blank">Test Automation by Functional Experts and SMEs</a>&nbsp;is particularly important in Agile CI/CD cycles. The product manager, program manager or project managers that are involved in business specifications gathering and handling the client end, receive and review the emails of the test results and any other analysis reports on the test.



Although product/project managers are the ones that interact with the customers, their involvement in the test automation phase is not much. They are involved in the review of the the manual test case documentation, but reviewing automated test cases is usually not their cup of tea. Due to this, there are times when important scenarios don&#8217;t get automated.



Once a feature becomes old and only the automated test cases are executed before a release &#8211; there is a big chance that the important scenarios that were important to the stakeholders are missed. The result could be a break in these important scenarios which go unnoticed till the time it is found by the end user. 
Embarrassing right? What if there was a test automation tool that would enable the stakeholders to add these test cases for test automation by themselves? <a href="https://testsigma.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Testsigma</a> sure is one such test automation tool.



<h3 id="what-is-needed">What Is Needed?</h3>



Although there is a process set in to transfer all the requirements that come from the client to the developers and the testers. In all the processes involved and the time invested during the design, development and testing phase, a lot more intricacies are added to the product that needs to be taken care of both my developers and the testers. 



Thus, before the release time, the involvement of a person who has first-hand knowledge from the customer who has not been involved in the details of design and development gives a unique insight to the product and how well it caters to the business requirements.



To make sure that the automation actually covers the business requirements, the reviews and inputs from the product/project managers are vital. For ensuring that the developed features are fully tested via automation, the reviews by developers are essential too.



The best possible way would be to enable a person who is not well versed with the coding practices to review the automated test cases and if possible to easily automate the scenarios that they deem important.



This way two purposes would be fulfilled:



<ol><li>The most important test scenarios would be automated</li><li>The automation team would get more time to work on the intricacies of automation. Giving them the time and opportunity to also include complex test cases to the test suite and more time for maintenance and increasing the robustness of the test cases.</li></ol>







<h3 id="what-do-new-improvements-in-test-automation-industry-entail">What Do New Improvements In Test Automation Industry Entail?</h3>



Artificial Intelligence(AI) is the new technology trend that is being adopted by most industries as is by the software industry. What the test automation industry needs to do is to use this technology and enable all the stakeholders of a software/project to review the automated test cases with a minimum <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/automated-functional-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">learning</a> curve.&nbsp;



Testsigma is one such tool that is set to revolutionize the test automation industry. In Testsigma, test cases need to be written only in simple English and once the test cases are execution ready they learn and adapt to new changes and make maintenance easier with the help of AI.



<h3 id="what-are-the-benefits-of-using-test-automation-tools-that-use-new-technologies-and-techniques">What Are The Benefits Of Using Test Automation Tools That Use New Technologies And Techniques?</h3>



If such tools are used, it will not only lead to a gentler learning curve for quality assurance engineers and enable them to write and maintain the test cases easily, but it will also give the project managers and clients the opportunity to add test cases where needed. 



If other stakeholders can add and review the automated test cases, the test suite is sure to cover the most important scenarios before the product hits the market and will lead to a lesser number of bugs.



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<h3 id="how-will-the-adoption-of-new-tools-lead-to-test-automation-becoming-more-inclusive">How Will The Adoption Of New Tools Lead To Test Automation Becoming More Inclusive?</h3>



New test automation tools like Testsigma have made test automation very simple. Not only this, their easy to understand interface allows other members of the team to review the test cases quickly. In addition, Testsigma also has an option to track these reviews that enhance collaboration between the team. 



Enabling other stakeholders to review the automated test cases serves more than one purpose &#8211; The Test Automation process now also conserves the knowledge of the SMEs and functional experts, and also improves the subjective quality of the test cases. 



Thus, enabling the reviews by other team members leads to more quality test cases and better <a href="https://testsigma.com/blog/code-coverage-vs-test-coverage/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">code coverage</a>. It also leads to a better understanding of the process and clarifies the value addition done by test automation. 



Better understanding also means better adoption. Thus, using a Unified Test Automation Tool like <a rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="Enabling other stakeholders to review and automate test cases serves more than one purpose. It will lead to more test cases and better code coverage. It will also lead to a better understanding of the process and needs of test automation. Better understanding also means better adoption. Thus, using a Unified Test Automation Tool like Testsigma which has the capability of adding test cases in simple English and learns to maintain the test cases via AI is need of the hour and answer to the need to make test automation more inclusive. (opens in a new tab)" href="https://testsigma.com" target="_blank">Testsigma</a> which has the capability of adding test cases in simple English and learns to maintain the test cases via AI is need of the hour and answer to the need to make test automation more inclusive.



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How To Make Test Automation More Inclusive

How To Make Test Automation More Inclusive?

Test Automation To Achieve Fail Fast, Fail Often

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