In the dynamic realm of cloud-based solutions, Salesforce has emerged as a pioneer, empowering businesses with its robust and versatile platform. As organizations harness the power of Salesforce to streamline their operations and elevate customer experiences, ensuring the quality and reliability of these implementations becomes paramount. That&#8217;s where Salesforce testing best practices come into play.



In this article, we will list the Salesforce testing best practices that enable organizations to navigate the challenges and complexities of this cloud ecosystem. Let&#8217;s dive in.



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#Best_Practices_for_Salesforce_Testing">1 Best Practices for Salesforce Testing</a><ul><li><a href="#1_Start_Testing_Early">1.1 1. Start Testing Early</a></li><li><a href="#2_Thorough_Unit_Testing">1.2 2. Thorough Unit Testing</a></li><li><a href="#3_Automate_Your_Tests">1.3 3. Automate Your Tests</a></li><li><a href="#4_Appropriate_Test_Tools">1.4 4. Appropriate Test Tools</a></li><li><a href="#5_Use_the_Agile_Approach">1.5 5. Use the Agile Approach</a></li><li><a href="#6_Get_the_Right_Testers">1.6 6. Get the Right Testers</a></li><li><a href="#7_Involve_Stakeholders_in_UAT">1.7 7. Involve Stakeholders in UAT</a></li><li><a href="#8_Proper_Naming_Convention">1.8 8. Proper Naming Convention</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Testsigma_for_Salesforce_Testing">2 Testsigma for Salesforce Testing </a></li><li><a href="#Summary">3 Summary</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">4 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_are_Salesforce_performance_testing_best_practices">4.1 What are Salesforce performance testing best practices?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-best-practices-for-salesforce-testing">Best Practices for Salesforce Testing</h2>



Here is a list of the best practices QAs should follow during Salesforce testing:



<h3 id="h-1-start-testing-early">1. Start Testing Early</h3>



QAs will have more time to test the Salesforce platform if they are involved earlier in the SDLC. Thus, testers will have more time to perform testing, increasing the test coverage and types of Salesforce tests performed.



<h3 id="h-2-thorough-unit-testing">2. Thorough Unit Testing</h3>



Unit testing is one of the best practices for developers to perform while customizing and configuring the Salesforce application. It helps developers to identify bugs earlier during the development cycle. As a result, it lowers the testing and retesting time and also the cost of bug fixing. Further, unit testing improves code quality and reusability.



<h3 id="h-3-automate-your-tests">3. Automate Your Tests</h3>



Reports state that automation tools help you save 75% of your testing time and 25% of your costs. So, always automate Salesforce tests! Also, you can test all the complex workflows of your Salesforce application easily and effectively.



<h3 id="h-4-appropriate-test-tools">4. Appropriate Test Tools</h3>



Identify the best automation tool to ensure your testing process is fast and efficient. For example, Salesforce test automation tools like <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma</a> will add value to your testing process. They will let you automate various Salesforce tests on different browsers, platforms, devices, and versions in one place.



<h3 id="h-5-use-the-agile-approach">5. Use the Agile Approach</h3>



As you might already be aware, agile methodologies are an iterative approach. In agile methods, the product is developed in small incremental builds. The agile approach is best for Salesforce projects, enabling faster feedback cycles to the changing business requirements.



<h3 id="h-6-get-the-right-testers">6. Get the Right Testers</h3>



You must have a team of highly skilled testers with Salesforce testing expertise to perform testing effectively and comprehensively.



<h3 id="h-7-involve-stakeholders-in-uat">7. Involve Stakeholders in UAT</h3>



It is best to involve Stakeholders in UAT (User Acceptance Testing) process to see if the Salesforce customizations and configurations are as per the business requirements, so they can easily provide feedback for future releases. It helps test engineers identify any issues in the business process and understand the requirements.



<h3 id="h-8-proper-naming-convention">8. Proper Naming Convention</h3>



Follow a proper naming convention for your Salesforce test cases. Give easy and descriptive names so you can quickly identify test cases whenever needed. It is beneficial when the number of test cases increases.



<h2 id="h-testsigma-for-salesforce-testing">Testsigma for Salesforce Testing </h2>



Testsigma is a low-code test automation platform that can be used for automating Salesforce testing. It offers several features and benefits, making it a viable option for Salesforce test automation. Let&#8217;s discuss some of it below:



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://images.storychief.com/account_36412/image_2d2ec5d4972904b0dfd1369a77a90113_2000.png" alt="Salesforce Testing Best Practices - Testsigma" width="800" height="400" /></figure></div>



<ul><li>Testsigma supports codeless test automation. You can automate your tests in plain English statements using NLPs.</li><li>Built-in support for testing Salesforce-specific capabilities</li><li>Makes your testing 5x faster, thus enabling you to ship products faster</li><li>You can test your Salesforce applications across 3000+ real devices and 1000+ browser/OS combos.</li><li>Easy test data management on the cloud. You can quickly and easily create, edit, or delete your test cases in no time.</li><li>Easily integrates with popular CI/CD tools and other third-party integration.</li><li>Quickly automate tests on the cloud. Avoid installing different tools and frameworks to test Salesforce apps.</li><li>Detailed and comprehensive test report. You can also generate custom test reports.</li><li>It supports Java to test scenarios that require writing code.</li></ul>



Try <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Testsigma Cloud </a>for free using the 30-day free trial, and start automating your Salesforce test now! Also, you can try Testsigma <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">open-source</a> version for free.



<button class="btn bg-primary cta-btn" style="margin: auto"><a href="https://website.testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color:#fff">Give your salesforce test automation a headstart with Testsigma</a></button>



<h2 id="h-summary">Summary</h2>



Following the best practices for Salesforce testing will provide a solid foundation for ensuring your Salesforce implementations&#8217; quality, reliability, and success. By following these practices, you can navigate the complexities of Salesforce testing and overcome common challenges.



<a href="https://website.testsigma.com/automated-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test automation</a> becomes your best partner in streamlining testing efforts, improving efficiency, and speeding up release cycles. Automate Salesforce testing with Testsigma and embark on a journey towards Salesforce success, where quality and customer satisfaction go hand in hand.



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="h-what-are-salesforce-performance-testing-best-practices">What are Salesforce performance testing best practices?</h3>



<ul><li>You should test different user types, roles, settings, and features</li><li>Modify your test cases for every Salesforce update</li><li>Use Salesforce performance test to obtain client end page load time</li><li>Track the key KPIs when running performance tests: reliability, stability, and scalability.</li><li>Disable Single Sign-On</li><li>Do not use the absolute path of external files</li><li>Disable IP range restrictions</li></ul>

Salesforce Testing Best Practices - A Detailed Overview

Salesforce Testing Best Practices – A Detailed Overview

Automation Testing Life Cycle - A Complete Overview

Automation Testing Life Cycle – A Complete Overview

Best Test Data Generation Tools In Software Testing

In today&#8217;s fast-paced digital world, APIs have become the backbone of modern software development, enabling seamless integration and interaction between various applications. However, before integrating an API into your application, it&#8217;s crucial to thoroughly test and understand its behavior. That&#8217;s where the API sandbox comes into play. 



API sandboxes are like virtual playgrounds for developers, offering a safe and controlled environment to experiment, test, and fine-tune their code before deploying it to the real world. In this blog post, we&#8217;ll dive deep into API sandboxes and explore the best practices to ensure smooth testing experiences. According to <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/googlecloud/2022/01/19/research-shows-api-management-fuels-growth-heres-why/?sh=16659cf61713" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Forbes</a>, the market capitalization of organizations that adopted APIs has increased by over 12% compared to those that did not. That is how much APIs play an important role in today&#8217;s world.



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_is_an_API_Sandbox">1 What is an API Sandbox?</a></li><li><a href="#Features_of_an_API_Sandbox">2 Features of an API Sandbox</a><ul><li><a href="#1_Easily_Accessible_to_Any_API_Client">2.1 1. Easily Accessible to Any API Client</a></li><li><a href="#2_High_Versatility">2.2 2. High Versatility</a></li><li><a href="#3_Simulated_Environment">2.3 3. Simulated Environment</a></li><li><a href="#4_Customizable">2.4 4. Customizable</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#7_Best_Practices_for_Sandbox_API">3 7 Best Practices for Sandbox API</a><ul><li><a href="#1_Isolate_Your_Sandbox">3.1 1. Isolate Your Sandbox</a></li><li><a href="#2_Provide_Free_Access">3.2 2. Provide Free Access</a></li><li><a href="#3_Recreate_Production_Behavior">3.3 3. Recreate Production Behavior</a></li><li><a href="#4_Remember_About_Authorization">3.4 4. Remember About Authorization</a></li><li><a href="#5_Account_for_Gateways_or_Proxies">3.5 5. Account for Gateways or Proxies</a></li><li><a href="#6_Review_Sandbox_Usage">3.6 6. Review Sandbox Usage</a></li><li><a href="#7_Consider_A_Chaos_Mock">3.7 7. Consider A Chaos Mock</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Benefits_of_API_Sandboxes">4 Benefits of API Sandboxes</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion">5 Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">6 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_is_an_Open_API_Sandbox">6.1 What is an Open API Sandbox?</a></li><li><a href="#Is_API_Sandbox_free_to_use">6.2 Is API Sandbox free to use?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_Sandbox_API_vs_Production_API">6.3 What is Sandbox API vs Production API?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-is-an-api-sandbox">What is an API Sandbox?</h2>



An API sandbox is a service that simulates the behavior of a production API. While the distinction between sandboxes and mock APIs may vary, sandboxes are typically intended for external developers. It provides a valuable platform for developers to test APIs without any risks or expenses, making them a vital part of a DX-oriented API strategy.



The primary purpose of an API (Application Programming Interfaces) sandbox is to enable developers to understand how to interact with an API, test their integration code, and evaluate the API&#8217;s capabilities before deploying it in a live application. It provides a safe space to experiment, troubleshoot, and validate API requests and responses.



<h2 id="h-features-of-an-api-sandbox">Features of an API Sandbox</h2>



An API sandbox typically offers the following features,



<h3 id="h-1-easily-accessible-to-any-api-client">1. Easily Accessible to Any API Client</h3>



The API Sandbox is a testing environment that enables developers to<a href="https://website.testsigma.com/blog/how-to-test-api/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> test APIs</a> without real-time consequences. It&#8217;s open to all types of API clients, including web, mobile, and desktop applications.



<h3 id="h-2-high-versatility">2. High Versatility</h3>



The API sandbox is versatile and supports various API types, such as RESTful, SOAP-based, and GraphQL. This flexibility makes it an ideal tool for developers working with different types of APIs.



<h3 id="h-3-simulated-environment">3. Simulated Environment</h3>



The API sandbox offers developers a simulated environment that imitates a real API. It enables them to safely test their API calls and responses within a controlled setting.



<h3 id="h-4-customizable">4. Customizable</h3>



The API sandbox is highly customizable, giving developers the flexibility to adjust it according to their requirements. They can modify and test various aspects of the API, such as endpoints, headers, parameters, and more.



<h2 id="h-7-best-practices-for-sandbox-api">7 Best Practices for Sandbox API</h2>



When working with a sandbox API, it&#8217;s crucial to follow the below best practices to ensure a smooth and effective testing process. Here are seven best practices for working with a sandbox API,



<h3 id="h-1-isolate-your-sandbox">1. Isolate Your Sandbox</h3>



You should make sure that the sandbox remains isolated from the platform. A sandbox must allow the development team to simulate the API&#8217;s behavior, but it should not allow any direct interaction with the platform in a way a production API will.



That is why it is considered best to build your sandbox in an isolated environment from the ground up. Because when you’re not careful with the sandbox, it could affect the production systems, lead to billing confusion, or even expose real data.



<h3 id="h-2-provide-free-access">2. Provide Free Access</h3>



Developers should have free access to the sandbox. It&#8217;s important to offer this because the main advantage of using a sandbox is that it&#8217;s free. This is especially beneficial for potential developer customers who might otherwise have to go through a lengthy approval process to get permission to try even the most affordable trials.



Although hosting a sandbox does come with costs, it&#8217;s essential for customer acquisition and developer experience. If providing an unlimited sandbox is not feasible, you can provide developers with a limited number of free sandbox credits when they register. This will reduce the amount of usage but still allow them to test.



<h3 id="h-3-recreate-production-behavior">3. Recreate Production Behavior</h3>



When creating a sandbox environment for developers, it is important to ensure that it closely mimics the behavior of the real production system. This similarity allows developers to test their integrations with confidence, knowing that the sandbox will behave the same as the actual production API. Without this assurance, developers would need to repeat their testing using the real API, which undermines the purpose of having a sandbox.



To achieve this, it is vital to align the sandbox with the production API&#8217;s features. For example, if the production API supports POST requests, the sandbox should also support POST requests. Similarly, the sandbox should also implement pagination if the production API includes pagination. It is likely that the sandbox will be based on an API specification, so it is important to identify any gaps or limitations in the specification and address them accordingly.



<h3 id="h-4-remember-about-authorization">4. Remember About Authorization</h3>



Do not overlook the authentication or authorization methods used by your production API. It is often neglected but crucial for developers. Ensure that you include it in your sandbox environment, whether you utilize API keys or access tokens.



<h3 id="h-5-account-for-gateways-or-proxies">5. Account for Gateways or Proxies</h3>



While building your sandbox, it is vital to consider the impact of any gateways or proxies. Although they are not part of the API itself, they can still significantly impact developers&#8217; integrations. A key example is rate limiting, often implemented at the gateway level and can greatly affect integration behavior.



You have the flexibility to manage and handle these issues. Some API owners apply the same rate limits to sandboxes as they do to production APIs. However, others, like Salesforce, increase sandbox limits to allow more comprehensive testing.



The most preferred approach is the one by Evernote. In this approach, rate limits for both production and sandbox APIs kick in after a specific number of calls per hour. However, sandbox users are only rate-limited for 15 seconds rather than the entire hour.



This approach allows developers to test and handle rate limit exceptions without waiting for the one-hour interval to end before resuming interactions with the API.



<h3 id="h-6-review-sandbox-usage">6. Review Sandbox Usage</h3>



It&#8217;s a good idea to regularly review how your API sandbox is used. By checking the sandbox&#8217;s logs, you can identify any unexpected usage patterns and provide support for them. It&#8217;s also important to look for frequently occurring errors, particularly during the onboarding process, as fixing these common pain points can improve retention.



<h3 id="h-7-consider-a-chaos-mock">7. Consider A Chaos Mock</h3>



In high-stake industries, it is recommended to develop a chaos mock along with the regular sandbox for mature API programs. The chaos mock, introduced by Microsoft architect Gareth Jones, is a form of API virtualization designed to incorporate various unpredictable behaviors.



Its purpose is to allow developers to test their code against a wide range of unpredictable API behaviors, ensuring that their integrations can withstand any situation.



<h2 id="h-benefits-of-api-sandboxes">Benefits of API Sandboxes</h2>



Some of its key benefits include,



<ul><li>It reduces the costs and potential risks related to testing third-party APIs.</li><li>It allows simultaneous testing and development, which accelerates application development cycles and reduces the time to launch the product in the market.</li><li>Allows risk-free testing and experimentation</li><li>It saves money and time</li><li>It improves security</li><li>Helps mitigate risks and ensures stability</li><li>Cost-effective development and resource utilization</li><li>Faster development cycles</li></ul>



Also, do not confuse between API sandbox and <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/blog/api-testing-basics/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">API testing</a>. API sandbox provides a controlled environment for developers to interact with and test APIs, while API testing encompasses the broader process of evaluating the functionality, performance, security, and integration aspects of APIs.Also, you can <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/automated-api-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">automate your API tests</a> using test automation platforms like Testsigma. You can now automate and run tests for forever free using Testsigma. <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/pricing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sign up</a> now!



<button class="btn bg-primary cta-btn" style="margin: auto"><a href="https://website.testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color:#fff">Give your API testing a headstart with Testsigma</a></button>



 <h2 id="h-conclusion">Conclusion</h2>



API sandboxes are powerful tools for developers, offering a risk-free environment to experiment, test, and refine their code before going live. By adhering to these best practices, businesses can foster a developer-friendly ecosystem, encourage innovation, and promote successful API integrations. Ultimately, it serves as an invaluable tool for streamlining the development process, reducing risks, and delivering high-quality APIs that meet the needs of developers and end-users alike.



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="h-what-is-an-open-api-sandbox">What is an Open API Sandbox?</h3>



An Open API Sandbox typically refers to a specific type of sandbox environment specifically designed for testing and exploring Restful APIs. Simply put, OpenAPI deals only with RESTful APIs and not with any other types of APIs.



<h3 id="h-is-api-sandbox-free-to-use">Is API Sandbox free to use?</h3>



Yes, the API sandbox is a free testing environment that is built to simulate the production environment closely. It allows you to thoroughly test your API integration.



<h3 id="h-what-is-sandbox-api-vs-production-api">What is Sandbox API vs Production API?</h3>



The key difference between sandbox API and production API is the data returned by the APIs. That is, in a sandbox API, test data is returned, whereas in a production API, real data is returned.

API Sandboxes Best Practices To Achieve The Best Results

API Sandboxes: Best Practices To Achieve The Best Results

State Transition Testing Techniques in Software Testing

In the software biz, we must test a product like absurd before putting it out to the world. There are different levels of testing, from functional to acceptance, and each one checks specific things to make sure everything&#8217;s up to par.



Check out this blog to learn more about why each level matters.



What is <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/guides/software-testing/">Software Testing</a>?



Well, in a nutshell, it&#8217;s the process of checking if a program or application works the way it&#8217;s supposed to. Think of it like quality control for your computer programs &#8211; you want to catch bugs or issues before they cause user problems. 



For example, let&#8217;s say a new app helps people track their expenses. The testers will run several tests to check if everything functions properly, such as verifying correct data input. Are all the buttons working? Can users easily navigate through the app? By running these tests and fixing any issues, developers can ensure their software is top-notch and user-friendly.



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_do_you_mean_by8221Levels_of_Testing8221">1 What do you mean by&#8221;Levels of Testing&#8221;?</a></li><li><a href="#What_are_the_different_levels_of_Testing">2 What are the different levels of Testing?</a><ul><li><a href="#1_UnitComponent_Testing">2.1 1. Unit/Component Testing</a></li><li><a href="#2_Integration_Testing">2.2 2. Integration Testing</a></li><li><a href="#3_System_Testing">2.3 3. System Testing</a></li><li><a href="#4_Acceptance_Testing">2.4 4. Acceptance Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#Software_Testing_Sequence">3 Software Testing Sequence</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion">4 Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">5 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#What_are_the_7_principles_of_testing">5.1 What are the 7 principles of testing?</a></li><li><a href="#What_are_the_stages_of_testing">5.2 What are the stages of testing?</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_zero-level_testing">5.3 What is zero-level testing?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-do-you-mean-by-levels-of-testing">What do you mean by&#8221;Levels of Testing&#8221;?</h2>



Testing levels, also known as levels of testing, refer to the different phases or stages of testing software during its development cycle. The main idea behind this concept is that each level of testing targets specific aspects of the software&#8217;s functionality, which allows for better quality assurance and fewer potential defects.







The most common <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/blog/the-different-software-testing-types-explained/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">types of testing</a> levels include &#8211; unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. Unit tests focus on individual components, such as methods and functions, while integration tests check if these components work together properly. System tests verify that the entire system meets the functional requirements specified by stakeholders, while acceptance tests validate the software against their criteria for acceptable behavior.



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/blog-assets-staging.testsigma.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/Levels-of-testing-1.png" alt="Levels of Testing" class="wp-image-31585" width="724" height="588" /></figure></div>



<h2 id="h-what-are-the-different-levels-of-testing">What are the different levels of Testing?</h2>



Software must go through different testing stages before it can be considered bug-free and ready for deployment. There are generally four levels of software testing, as mentioned below:



<ol><li><a href="https://website.testsigma.com/blog/unit-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Unit Testing</a></li><li><a href="https://website.testsigma.com/guides/integration-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Integration Testing</a></li><li>System Testing</li><li>Acceptance Testing</li></ol>



Let&#8217;s have a look at these in detail.



<h3 id="h-1-unit-component-testing">1. Unit/Component Testing</h3>



Unit testing is done at the code level, where each component is tested individually to ensure their impartiality and analyze their functionality. Automating <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">unit tests</a> is possible and highly recommended in today&#8217;s fast-paced development environment. To make a unit test, you should outline what you expect the code to do and write the code, which will check if it is doing what you expect. You should then run the unit test to verify that everything works as expected. For example, let&#8217;s say you have a calculator program that adds two numbers together. You can create a unit test that verifies the numerical values that the calculator program returns are correct. You could also create tests that verify edge cases and errors are handled correctly.



In this simple example, you could use unit testing to verify that the calculator program adds two numbers correctly.



First, outline and document the expectations of the program, such as:



<ul><li>The program should accept two numerical values</li><li>It should return the sum of these two values</li><li>It should also handle negative numbers correctly</li></ul>



You can then write unit tests that feed these values into the program and verify the correct output. For example, you could have a test that checks the program returns 2 when 1 and 1 are entered. You could have another test that checks the program returns -3 when 1 and -4 are entered. Once all the tests have been written and executed, you can confidently say that the calculator program has been successfully tested and works as expected.



<h3 id="h-2-integration-testing">2. Integration Testing</h3>



<a href="https://website.testsigma.com/guides/integration-testing/">Integration testing</a> enables software testers to test group units integrated into a system or subsystems; it helps identify any bugs or issues arising from coding errors or integrations between modules. It is possible to automate integration testing.



<h3 id="h-3-system-testing">3. System Testing</h3>



System testing is performed on an integrated environment comprising the whole application, where all components are assessed against specific business requirements. You can use automation tools for System Testing.



For example, Testsigma, a no-code test automation platform, can complete end-to-end flows for web, mobile, and desktop applications and APIs.



<h3 id="h-4-acceptance-testing">4. Acceptance Testing</h3>



Acceptance testing involves testing the system&#8217;s <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/blog/different-functional-testing-types-explained-in-detail/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Functional </a>and Non-functional aspects, such as performance, security, usability, accessibility, compatibility, and reliability. Depending on the system&#8217;s complexity, it can be done manually or through automation tools. In this example, we will demonstrate the process of using Testsigma to automate the acceptance testing of a login page. First, we must create a test scenario that simulates users entering their login credentials and logging in successfully. Testsigma will automatically detect any issues with the page and report them back to us. Using Testsigma for acceptance testing, we can ensure that our login page is working as expected and ready for deployment.



<figure class="wp-block-video"><video controls src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/blog-assets-staging.testsigma.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/Acceptance-testing.webm"></video></figure>







<button class="btn bg-primary cta-btn" style="margin: auto"><a href="https://website.testsigma.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color:#fff">Start using Testsigma to automate your system, integration and acceptance tests</a></button>



<h2 id="h-software-testing-sequence">Software Testing Sequence</h2>



Let&#8217;s talk about test sequences. It&#8217;s a fancy way of saying we need to test our software step by step. We must go through four main testing stages before we can say our software is ready.



<ol><li>First up, we&#8217;ve got unit testing. This is where we test each unit or component of the software to ensure it&#8217;s doing what it&#8217;s supposed to.</li><li>Then we move on to integration testing, where we test how all the different units work together.</li><li>Next, we&#8217;ve got system testing, where we test the whole system as a complete package.</li><li>Finally, we&#8217;ve got acceptance testing, where we let the end users have a go at the software to ensure it&#8217;s meeting their needs.</li></ol>



And that&#8217;s it! Four simple steps to make sure our software is top-notch.



<figure class="wp-block-image is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://images.storychief.com/account_36412/image_1ad6e37595b398e3c6f6d7101df742be_2000.png" alt="software testing steps" width="800" height="400" /></figure>



 <h2 id="h-conclusion">Conclusion</h2>



Software Testing is a necessary process. It guarantees the software does what it should and meets all the requirements. Skipping testing can lead to severe issues that can mess up the software&#8217;s usefulness and how it works. So, don&#8217;t forget to give enough time and resources to test your software if you want it to be a hit when you launch it.



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="h-what-are-the-7-principles-of-testing">What are the 7 <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/blog/principles-of-software-testing-2/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">principles of testing</a>?</h3>



The 7 principles of testing according to the ISTQB are:



<ol><li>Testing shows the presence of defects</li><li>Exhaustive testing is impossible</li><li>Early testing saves time and money</li><li>Defects cluster together</li><li>Testing is context-dependent</li><li>Absence-of-errors fallacy</li><li>The Pesticide Paradox</li></ol>



<h3 id="h-what-are-the-stages-of-testing">What are the stages of testing?</h3>



The stages are



<ul><li><a href="https://website.testsigma.com/blog/test-plan/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Plan</a></li><li>Analysis</li><li>Design</li><li>Development</li><li>Execution</li><li>Bug fixing</li><li>Final test execution and delivery</li></ul>



<h3 id="h-what-is-zero-level-testing">What is zero-level testing?</h3>



Initial testing, also known as zero-level testing, is the primary stage of the testing process to identify defects and weaknesses in the software system at the earliest possible stage.

Levels of Testing A Complete Approach to Quality Assurance

Levels of Testing: A Complete Approach to Quality Assurance

Software testing is an essential aspect of software development that ensures that software products are functional, reliable, and meet the required specifications. Testing is crucial to identify software errors and bugs that can lead to system failures, data loss, and other negative impacts. Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) and Equivalence Class Partitioning (ECP) are two widely used testing techniques that help in Software Testing. In this article, we will discuss BVA and ECP, their benefits, real-life examples, and some common pitfalls to avoid.



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_are_Boundary_Value_Analysis_and_Equivalence_Class_Partitioning">1 What are Boundary Value Analysis and Equivalence Class Partitioning? </a></li><li><a href="#Boundary_Value_Analysis_BVA_and_Equivalence_Class_Partitioning_ECPnbsp">2 Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) and Equivalence Class Partitioning (ECP):&nbsp;</a></li><li><a href="#Benefits_of_Using_BVA_ECP_in_Software_Testingnbsp">3 Benefits of Using BVA &amp; ECP in Software Testing&nbsp;</a></li><li><a href="#Applications_of_BVA_ECP_in_Software_Testingnbsp">4 Applications of BVA &amp; ECP in Software Testing&nbsp;</a></li><li><a href="#Should_you_automate_your_tests_for_BVA_and_ECP_Techniques">5 Should you automate your tests for BVA and ECP Techniques?</a></li><li><a href="#Common_Pitfalls_to_Avoid_When_Using_BVA_ECPnbsp">6 Common Pitfalls to Avoid When Using BVA &amp; ECP&nbsp;</a></li><li><a href="#Boundary_Value_Analysis_vs_Equivalence_Class_Partitioning">7 Boundary Value Analysis vs Equivalence Class Partitioning</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion">8 Conclusion:</a></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-are-boundary-value-analysis-and-equivalence-class-partitioning">What are Boundary Value Analysis and Equivalence Class Partitioning? </h2>



Boundary Value Analysis (BVA):&nbsp;



BVA is a testing technique that focuses on testing the boundary conditions of a system. The objective of BVA is to identify and test the values at the boundaries, which are often the most vulnerable points in a software application. These boundaries can include input limits, output limits, or any other type of boundary that is relevant to the system being tested.&nbsp;



The concept of BVA is based on the assumption that errors are more likely to occur at the boundaries of input values, rather than within the range of acceptable values. This is because the boundary values are usually handled differently by the software application, and any discrepancies in the handling of these values can result in errors.



For example, let&#8217;s consider a software application that accepts input values in the range of 1 to 100. The boundary values, in this case, would be 1, 100, and values close to them, such as 2, 99, etc. Testing the boundary values would involve checking how the software application behaves when it receives input values at the edge of the acceptable range. This includes testing values such as 0, 101, -1, 102, and so on.&nbsp;



Contrary to the name it’s less of an analysis but more of a heuristic that can be applied while testing, which means that it can fail too. It is important to note that BVA should not be used as the sole testing technique, but rather as a heuristic that can be applied in conjunction with other testing techniques.&nbsp;



Equivalence Class Partitioning (ECP):&nbsp;



ECP is an important technique used in software testing. At its core, ECP is about grouping similar items that have a common property into a set, where each set represents an equivalence class. Doing so, helps testers identify and target specific areas of the software that may have a higher likelihood of containing bugs or errors.&nbsp;



When you&#8217;re driving a car, do you consciously calculate the exact amount of pressure needed to apply on the gas pedal to accelerate to a specific speed? No, you don&#8217;t.&nbsp;



You know that pressing the pedal with a certain amount of force will generally get you to the desired speed. This is because the car&#8217;s engine and transmission are designed to work together to achieve a range of speeds, so there is a range of acceptable inputs for achieving a given output. That&#8217;s ECP! We apply it to anything we use regularly, like appliances, tools, and technology.&nbsp;



In the context of software testing, ECP is used to group tests based on various criteria such as input/output values, user groups, product risks, test environments, etc.&nbsp;



For instance, if you are testing a login page, you could group tests based on different input values such as valid usernames and passwords, invalid usernames, invalid passwords, and so on. Each group would represent an equivalence class that exposes different kinds of bugs or issues that may arise when users attempt to log in.&nbsp;



While ECP is an effective testing technique, it is not foolproof, and it can sometimes fail too. It is a thought process that relies heavily on the tester&#8217;s knowledge and experience.&nbsp;



<h2 id="boundary-value-analysis-bva-and-equivalence-class-partitioning-ecp">Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) and Equivalence Class Partitioning (ECP):&nbsp;</h2>



Now that we know about BVA and ECP, it is worth pointing out that they both are usually used together. Let&#8217;s try to understand this with an example. Let’s say you are trying to test a form that accepts age as a number: &#8211; You cannot go on and create 100 test cases for it to test for all 100 inputs from the age of 1 to 100. &#8211; You will also need to test the numbers below 1 and above 100. These are the boundary values. &#8211; To make our testing more effective, let&#8217;s employ ECP. Let’s partition the 1 to 100 into groups of 10, so they would be [1-10];[11-20];[21-30];[31-40];[41-50];[51-60];[61-70];[71-80];[81-90];[91-100];



&#8211; For the created groups, the testing can be done for values on boundaries like: -1;0;1;9;10;11;19;20;21… and so forth



<h2 id="benefits-of-using-bva-ecp-in-software-testing">Benefits of Using BVA &amp; ECP in Software Testing&nbsp;</h2>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/blog-assets-staging.testsigma.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/image-115.png" alt="" class="wp-image-29919" width="200" height="200"/></figure></div>



While BVA and ECP are widely used, let&#8217;s understand some of the key benefits of applying BVA and ECP



in software testing:&nbsp;



1. Improved Understanding of the System Under Test: When we apply BVA and ECP techniques, we try to identify the boundaries of the system and group the input parameters into classes. This helps us to gain a better understanding of the system and its behavior.&nbsp;



2. Simplified Test Design: By grouping the tests based on input/output values, user groups, product risks, test environments, etc., testers can better plan their tests. This ensures that each class is tested comprehensively and exposes different kinds of bugs.&nbsp;



3. Better Test Coverage: BVA and ECP techniques help to identify critical tests by dividing the input domain into smaller regions, leading to effective test coverage. BVA focuses on testing boundary conditions, which are the most error-prone areas, while ECP divides the input domain into equivalence classes that can be tested as a group.&nbsp;



4. Better Prioritization: By using these techniques, we can prioritize the test cases based on their criticality. BVA helps in identifying the values at the boundaries, which are more likely to cause errors, while ECP helps in grouping the tests based on the common properties, which makes it easier to prioritize the tests.&nbsp;



5. Better Risk Management: BVA and ECP help to identify and manage risks associated with software testing. By identifying the most critical scenarios, testers can focus on the areas of the software that are most likely to cause problems.&nbsp;



<h2 id="applications-of-bva-ecp-in-software-testing">Applications of BVA &amp; ECP in Software Testing&nbsp;</h2>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/blog-assets-staging.testsigma.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/image-116.png" alt="" class="wp-image-29921" width="600" height="400"/></figure></div>



The most common use/application of BVA and ECP in Software testing is found to be on the input values for the system under test. Apart from input values, the following are some of the other scenarios where these techniques can be applied:&nbsp;



Boundary Value Analysis (BVA):&nbsp;



1. Database Testing: In a database system, BVA can be used to test the boundary conditions of various parameters such as the number of records, data types, field sizes, the minimum and maximum length of character fields, the range of numeric fields, and the maximum number of records that can be stored, etc.&nbsp;



2. Network Testing: BVA can be used to analyze the traffic on the network and identify any abnormal conditions or boundary conditions that may cause the network to fail. In network communication protocols, BVA can be applied to test the boundary conditions of data packets,



such as the minimum and maximum packet size, packet header length, and packet content. This technique can help ensure that the protocol will work correctly under a wide range of data transfer scenarios.&nbsp;



3. Hardware Testing: BVA can also be applied to hardware components, such as sensors, where boundary conditions like temperature, humidity, and pressure can impact the functionality of the component. By testing these limits, testers can ensure that the hardware component will function correctly under extreme conditions.&nbsp;



4. Testing of time-based functionality: BVA can be applied to test the time-based functionality of a system, such as a booking system, to check if it handles the boundaries of time zones, daylight saving time changes, and other related constraints.&nbsp;



5. UI Testing: BVA can be used to test the boundaries of the screen size, font size, color, alignment, and various user interface elements such as text boxes, buttons, drop-down menus, etc. By testing these limits, testers can ensure that the user interface will function correctly when users interact with it in unexpected ways.&nbsp;



Equivalence Class Partitioning (ECP):&nbsp;



<ol><li>Output values: Equivalence Class Partitioning can also be used to test output values. For example, if a software application is supposed to return a specific set of outputs for certain input values, you can use ECP to partition the expected output values into equivalent classes and test only one value from each class.&nbsp;</li><li>User roles: In software testing, ECP can be applied to different user roles. Different user roles may have access to different sets of features or functionality in an application. By applying ECP to user roles, you can identify and test the most critical combinations of user roles and features.&nbsp;</li><li>Time and date: ECP can also be used to test software applications that rely on time and date data. For example, if an application requires specific actions to be taken at specific times, ECP can be used to partition the relevant time periods into equivalent classes and test only one time from each class.&nbsp;</li><li>Environment: ECP can also be used to test software applications in different environments. For example, an application may behave differently on different operating systems or with different hardware configurations. By applying ECP to different environments, you can identify and test the most critical combinations of environment and software configurations.&nbsp;</li><li>Error Handling: ECP can also be used to test error messages. By partitioning error messages into equivalent classes, you can test only one message from each class, ensuring that all possible error messages are tested without the need to test every possible input value that might trigger an error.&nbsp;</li></ol>



<h2 id="should-you-automate-your-tests-for-bva-and-ecp-techniques">Should you automate your tests for BVA and ECP Techniques?</h2>



You may be wondering whether or not to automate the tests for Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) and Equivalence Partitioning (ECP) techniques. In my opinion, both of these techniques involve testing a range of input values systematically, making them ideal candidates for automation.



Automating your tests for BVA and ECP can be a great way to save time and ensure accuracy in your testing. And with tools like Testsigma available, it&#8217;s easier than ever to automate your tests without the need for extensive coding or technical knowledge.



<div class="cta-banner-v2">
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Automating your BVA and ECP tests with Testsigma can help you catch bugs and issues early on, before they cause major problems down the line. It can also help you achieve better test coverage by allowing you to run tests more frequently and consistently. Plus, Testsigma&#8217;s cloud-based nature means that you can access and run your tests from anywhere, making it easy to collaborate with remote team members or testers. 



Automating tests for BVA and ECP can be highly beneficial for improving testing efficiency, consistency, and accuracy. However, it&#8217;s important to recognize that not all tests can be automated and that the decision to automate tests should be made after carefully considering the cost and benefit of automation.



<h2 id="common-pitfalls-to-avoid-when-using-bva-ecp">Common Pitfalls to Avoid When Using BVA &amp; ECP&nbsp;</h2>



When using Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) and Equivalence Partitioning (ECP) in software testing, it&#8217;s important to avoid certain pitfalls. Some common pitfalls to avoid include:&nbsp;



1. Restricting to only input values: BVA and ECP are not limited to input values alone. Testers must consider all possible factors that could affect the software, such as different user groups, product risks, <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/blog/test-environment/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test environments</a>, invisible boundaries, transitions, conversions, time, and more.&nbsp;



2. Assuming limits and classes: It&#8217;s important not to make assumptions about the limits and classes that should be used in testing. The actual limits and classes may differ from what was originally assumed, and testing based on incorrect assumptions can result in missing critical bugs.&nbsp;



3. Ignoring user behavior: Testers must take into account the different ways in which users interact with the software. Factors such as user expectations, use cases, and workflows can all have an impact on the software&#8217;s behavior.&nbsp;



4. Over-reliance on BVA and ECP: While BVA and ECP are useful techniques, they shouldn&#8217;t be the only testing methods used. Other testing methods, such as <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/blog/exploratory-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">exploratory testing</a> and usability testing, can provide valuable insights that may be missed using BVA and ECP alone.&nbsp;



5. Not considering edge cases: Finally, it is important to test edge cases that may not be within the expected range of values. These edge cases may include unexpected inputs or user behavior and can help uncover critical bugs that may otherwise go unnoticed.&nbsp;



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/blog-assets-staging.testsigma.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/image-118.png" alt="" class="wp-image-29925" width="600" height="400"/></figure></div>



<h2 id="boundary-value-analysis-vs-equivalence-class-partitioning">Boundary Value Analysis vs Equivalence Class Partitioning</h2>



Now that we have understood the various aspects of BVA and ECP; and how they can compliment each other. Let’s also throw some light on their differences:



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td>BVA</td><td>ECP</td></tr><tr><td>Here, testing is always done on the boundaries of input values.</td><td>Here, the testing will be done according to the classes created. The input values can be taken from the boundary or from the middle region of the class.</td></tr><tr><td>It involves testing for valid inputs as well as invalid inputs. For eg. For testing boundaries for an age input form:&nbsp; 0 &amp; 1 will be valid inputs and -1 will be an invalid input </td><td>The validity and invalidity of the input values depends on the partition. Either all values in the partition will be a valid input or an invalid input.</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



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<h2 id="conclusion">Conclusion:</h2>



In summary, BVA and ECP are not just testing techniques but are thought processes and approaches that can help testers to understand the system under test better and prioritize the tests based on the system risks and criticality, thus improving the overall test coverage, test plan, and strategy.

Boundary Value Analysis and Equivalence Class Partitioning

Engineered with a focus on testing efficiency, our product team has introduced some really cool features this month. Let’s dive right in!



<ol><li>Optical Character Recognition (OCR) for Advanced Text Extraction: The HTML canvas element is used to draw graphics, on the fly, via scripting. But during test automation of such DOM elements, users can neither rely on coordinates-based action nor on visual testing since it varies over screen sizes and does not assert any element inside the canvas image. With Testsigma&#8217;s <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/docs/addons/ocr-extraction/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">OCR-based text extraction </a>via add-ons, you can now extract content from inside the canvas tag. This powerful feature allows you to interact with any text/components inside the canvas image. Read here &#8211; <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/blog/ocr-test/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">OCR Test</a>.</li></ol>



<ol start="2"><li>Disable Test Cases in a Test Plan: To address the challenges faced when running known-to-fail test cases, Testsigma now allows users to <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/docs/test-management/test-plans/disable-test-cases-in-test-plans/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">selectively disable test cases </a>within a test plan. By disabling these cases, you save valuable execution time and achieve a result decoupled from the known failures, ensuring efficient and accurate testing.</li></ol>



<ol start="3"><li>Support for Flutter Apps: Flutter is a crowd favorite for cross-platform app development, and Testsigma now supports recording and execution for apps built using the <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/tutorials/test-cases/mobile-apps/build-tests-using-recorder/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Flutter framework</a>. Seamlessly record and execute tests on your Flutter mobile apps, enabling comprehensive testing for both iOS and Android platforms.</li></ol>



<ol start="4"><li>Support for Shadow DOM Element Capturing and Execution: With <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/docs/elements/web-apps/shadow-dom/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Shadow DOM</a>, hidden DOM trees can be attached to elements in the regular DOM tree, which allows for isolated testing of specific HTML document sections. Testsigma&#8217;s latest release introduces support for capturing and executing test cases on Shadow DOM elements.</li></ol>



<ol start="5"><li>Mailbox Functions for URL Extraction and Verification: This new mailbox function lets you extract and verify URLs from emails. Whether you need to extract and click on specific URLs or validate email URLs, Testsigma provides flexible options such as text matching, partial URL matching, and regular expressions.</li></ol>



With these new feature updates, we’re continuing to make test automation a breeze.



If you’re not already a Testsigma user,



<a href="https://github.com/testsigmahq/testsigma" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sign up today</a>



If you’d like to see the difference that hassle-free automation can make to your release cycles, <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/request-demo" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">let us know</a>.

May ’23 feature spotlight The latest on Testsigma

May ’23 feature spotlight: The latest on Testsigma

Writing effective test cases is an integral part of the software development and testing process, especially when dealing with complex applications with multiple functionalities.&nbsp; Test cases serve as a reference for future testing cycles, facilitate knowledge transfer when new team members join, and help identify and document complex functionalities. They are&nbsp; also essential for preventing bugs, improving test coverage, and prioritizing product releases&nbsp;



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#What_are_test_casesnbsp">1 What are test cases:&nbsp;</a></li><li><a href="#Why_are_test_cases_writtennbsp">2 Why are test cases written:&nbsp;</a></li><li><a href="#Test_cases_and_Test_scenarios_nbsp">3 Test cases and Test scenarios :&nbsp;</a></li><li><a href="#Who_writes_the_test_casesnbsp">4 Who writes the test cases:&nbsp;</a></li><li><a href="#Test_Case_templatenbsp">5 Test Case template:&nbsp;</a></li><li><a href="#Few_best_practices_to_follow_while_writing_test_casesnbsp">6 Few best practices to follow while writing test cases:&nbsp;</a></li><li><a href="#Use_tools_for_automated_testingnbsp">7 Use tools for automated testing:&nbsp;</a></li><li><a href="#Creating_and_Managing_test_cases_through_Testsigmanbsp">8 Creating and Managing test cases through Testsigma:&nbsp;</a></li><li><a href="#Summarynbsp">9 Summary:&nbsp;</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">10 Frequently Asked Questions:</a><ul><li><a href="#What_are_the_main_5_required_elements_of_a_test_casenbsp">10.1 What are the main 5 required elements of a test case?&nbsp;</a></li><li><a href="#What_are_the_4_qualities_of_a_test_case">10.2 What are the 4 qualities of a test case?</a></li><li><a href="#How_do_I_create_a_test_case_in_Jira">10.3 How do I create a test case in Jira?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-what-are-test-cases">What are test cases:&nbsp;</h2>



A test case is a set of steps or instructions written to test a functionality or a feature of a software application. To do comprehensive testing of a software application, we need detailed test cases in place. Test cases are also the easiest way and part of the process where knowledge transfer is concerned. It can help the other person understand the application at an initial level.&nbsp;



<h2 id="h-why-are-test-cases-written">Why are test cases written:&nbsp;</h2>



Test cases are usually written for the following reasons:&nbsp;



1. <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/blog/techniques-to-prevent-software-bugs/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Preventing Bugs&nbsp;</a>



3. Better <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/blog/test-coverage/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test coverage&nbsp;</a>



4. Identifying and documenting complex functionalities&nbsp;



5. Prioritizing them while releasing the product&nbsp;



<h2 id="h-test-cases-and-test-scenarios">Test cases and Test scenarios :&nbsp;</h2>



Test scenarios are usually derived from different aspects. It usually gives information on what all parameters are considered for evaluating the product. It can come from:



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" width="2736" height="1260" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/blog-assets-staging.testsigma.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/Slide-16_9-60.png" alt="Test cases and Test scenarios " class="wp-image-30343" /></figure></div>



1. BRD (Business Requirement Document)&nbsp;



2. Customer feedback&nbsp;



3. Acceptance criteria&nbsp;



4. Assumptions for the undocumented requirements&nbsp;



5. Brainstorming sessions&nbsp;



6. Change requests&nbsp;



By using test scenarios, one creates test cases that give detailed information on 1. Steps to be followed&nbsp;



2. Preconditions&nbsp;



3. Data set to be used&nbsp;



4. Output&nbsp;



5. Dependency of the test cases 



Test cases are the detailed steps derived for the test scenarios, which are to be documented to help the team increase their efficiency and save time in the future wherein the team has to refer to the past test cycles and identify missing scenarios.



Get the key difference between <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/blog/test-case-vs-test-scenario/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Case vs. Test Scenario</a>



<h2 id="h-who-writes-the-test-cases">Who writes the test cases:&nbsp;</h2>



The person responsible for testing the product writes the test cases. In a team that works in an agile environment, since every individual comes with their own expertise, test cases can be written by all members of the team like Developers, Quality Engineers, and Business analysts.&nbsp;



Developers write the test cases as a part of the development process which we call Unit tests.&nbsp; This gives us code coverage of the module most impacted by the code change&nbsp;



When QA engineers are writing test cases, they usually consider the overall quality of an application, which requires several iterations and techniques.&nbsp;



The business analyst or a product owner who is responsible can also write test cases from a&nbsp; product fitness point of view which can later be dissected at a lower level.&nbsp;



<h2 id="h-test-case-template">Test Case template:&nbsp;</h2>



While writing a test case, a tester must have in mind to create a document which has the necessary information to execute and evaluate the test case status. A test usually consists of the below parameters.&nbsp;



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" width="364" height="222" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/blog-assets-staging.testsigma.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/image-106.png" alt="test case template" class="wp-image-29759" /></figure></div>



1. Test case id: Each test must have a unique id that can be mapped to the Story id or Req id in the tool used in the team, which helps to keep track and calculate the test coverage. You&nbsp; can refer to a requirement document matrix for the same&nbsp;



2. Description: A brief description of what the functionality is about and test scenarios it is&nbsp; derived from, along with a brief idea of the business requirement, would be helpful for a new&nbsp; person to understand it in a better way&nbsp;&nbsp;



3. Module Name: The module to which the test steps belong, which helps us later to find out the dependent and impacted modules which need to be prioritized for testing.&nbsp;



4. Complexity: What is the complexity of the test case? It can be (Simple, Medium or&nbsp; Complex), which helps us to decide which one to pick first when a time crunch is there. We can simply filter out the complex scenarios and plan the testing.&nbsp;



5. Preconditions: The ideal environment to perform the steps for both positive and negative scenarios.&nbsp;&nbsp;



6. Test steps: Detailed steps which are followed by the user to perform the actions intended.&nbsp;



7. Test Data: A comprehensive test data set that the user has to use to execute the test case. It can be dummy data created in lower environments, but it is always preferred to use real user data to get a better output.&nbsp;



8. Expected Results: The result expected after completing the steps. It can be a message or another landing page, an error message (in case of a negative test case), or a confirmation message (for a successful transaction).&nbsp;



9. Actual Result: Capturing the system&#8217;s behavior after the steps are performed and&nbsp; comparing it to the expected result&nbsp;



10. Status: Set the status as PASS/Fail as per the previous step result. If the status is failed&nbsp; create and tag the bug for the specific test case&nbsp;



11. Priority: We need to set the priority of the test cases based on conditions like functionality which has the greatest impact on major workflows of a system and to be executed at all times or based on risks and coverage and functionalities which have less impact and can be neglected for a release.



<h2 id="h-few-best-practices-to-follow-while-writing-test-cases">Few best practices to follow while writing test cases:&nbsp;</h2>



1. Aim for corner/edge case scenarios&nbsp;



2. Write the test steps precisely focusing on the scope&nbsp;&nbsp;



3. Attach and refer relevant test data or documents needed to be referred to in any step 



4. Avoid using the complex English language&nbsp;



5. Don’t rely on assumptions while writing test cases&nbsp;



6. Gather as much domain knowledge as you can before you start on test ideas&nbsp;



7. Get your test cases reviewed by the product owner or BA and gather their feedback 



8. Keep past user behaviors, and bugs in mind and include those in your test steps&nbsp;



9. Look beyond UI, and try to find non-functional test cases for the feature&nbsp;



10. Take the help of automation to increase productivity by reducing repetitive tasks and&nbsp; focusing more on creating better test ideas&nbsp;



11. Use <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/test-management-tools" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test management tools</a> actively to reduce maintenance.



<h2 id="h-use-tools-for-automated-testing">Use tools for automated testing:&nbsp;</h2>



Taking the help of tools for writing test cases decreases the effort of the team to a maximum percentage. By using these tools, we can increase the consistency, accuracy, and reusability of the test cases.&nbsp;&nbsp;



In order to write automated test cases



1. We need to decide the scope of the testing and identify the test scenarios for test automation



2. We need to pick an automation tool that best suits the requirements and skill sets of the team members.&nbsp;&nbsp;



3. Design and execute the test cases and evaluate the results in an automated manner whenever required.&nbsp;



<h2 id="h-creating-and-managing-test-cases-through-testsigma">Creating and Managing test cases through Testsigma:&nbsp;</h2>



To write, execute and maintain automated test cases, Testsigma offers a user-friendly platform where one can create different categories as per the requirement.&nbsp;



Define Testcase type:&nbsp;



Using the platform, users can automate different types of test cases such as UI, Functional, Nonfunctional, Integration, Regression, and Usability tests. These tests can be for web, mobile, desktop, or APIs. As Testsigma is a <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/codeless-automation-testing-tools" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">no-code test automation tool</a>, automating your tests is as easy as writing test cases in English. 



Set priorities:&nbsp;



Users also can set priorities (Critical, High, Medium, Low ) for the created test cases inside the tool. Users are able to create customized priorities such as (eg: supercritical).&nbsp;



Define the requirements:&nbsp;



The user can also create its own requirement types from which the test case has been derived,&nbsp; as the requirements for the test cases come from different inputs.&nbsp;



Maintaining test cases:&nbsp;



While adding, updating, and removing test cases from the tool, it keeps track of past activities and helps avoid human error. It has history saved for each action that happened for the test step created by the user.&nbsp;



Users also can filter the required steps through different tags added to the test steps Import and export:&nbsp;



Users can import the created test cases from different platforms such as jira , testsigma helps migrate or to upload the test steps in bulk where users need to make changes in all the existing test cases.&nbsp;



Users can also import from the GitHub repository through a YAML/zip file and directly through a .json file exported from your Postman collection. Other features: With Testsigma, you can start automating your test cases in minutes. Testsigma also lets you execute your tests on 3000+ real devices and browsers, in parallel. Thus, saving you tonnes of time. Testsigma is also available as an open-source and free version.



<button class="btn bg-primary cta-btn" style="margin: auto"><a href="https://github.com/testsigmahq/testsigma" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color:#fff">Start automating your test cases with Testsigma Open source</a></button>



Find more information on automating your test cases with Testsigma at <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/docs/test-cases/overview/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Test Cases &#8211; Overview</a>



<h2 id="h-summary">Summary:&nbsp;</h2>



Maintaining test cases can be a challenge in an agile environment, where requirements are subject to frequent changes. However, using automated tools can be valuable in such scenarios, allowing the team to adjust to changing requirements while keeping their test cases up-to-date.&nbsp;



Hope you find it useful&nbsp;



Happy testing ☺



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions:</h2>



<h3 id="h-what-are-the-main-5-required-elements-of-a-test-case"> What are the main 5 required elements of a test case?&nbsp;</h3>



1. Gathering the right requirement criteria



2. Keep the user behaviour in mind.



3. Prerequisites are the most important part of any test case



4. Create concise test cases , which is easily readable by other people 5. Maintain and update the test cases whenever required



<h3 id="h-what-are-the-4-qualities-of-a-test-case">What are the 4 qualities of a test case?</h3>



1. Written in a precise and concise way



2. Easy to understand for everyone



3. Covers all aspects of testing&nbsp;



4. Easy to maintain&nbsp;



<h3 id="h-how-do-i-create-a-test-case-in-jira">How do I create a test case in Jira?</h3>



1. Log into your Jira account and navigate to the project where you want to add the test cases.



2. Click on the &#8220;Issues&#8221; tab in the top navigation bar.



3. Select &#8220;Create Issue&#8221; to create a new issue.



4. In the &#8220;Create Issue&#8221; form, select the issue type as &#8220;Test&#8221;.



5. Fill in the required information such as summary, description, and any other relevant fields.



6. In the description or comments section, you can provide detailed steps for the test case, expected results, and any other necessary information.



7. Assign the issue to the appropriate team member responsible for executing the test case by selecting their name from the &#8220;Assignee&#8221; field.



8. Set the priority and other relevant fields based on your project&#8217;s requirements.



9. If necessary, you can attach files or screenshots to the test case by using the &#8220;Attachments&#8221; section.



10. Save the issue to create the test case in Jira.



11. Repeat the above steps for each additional test case you want to add.

Test Case Template For Enhanced Software Quality

Hey there, you can do project management in many different ways. And let me tell you, each has its perks and drawbacks. Two of the most popular methodologies are Agile and Waterfall. The waterfall method was the primary software development approach used by people ever since it was introduced in the 70s. Later, in 2001, people built Agile to address a few of the constraints of Waterfall. Though both have proven to be effective approaches to project management, they differ in several ways. This blog post will discuss the Agile vs Waterfall methodologies key differences.



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" width="736" height="434" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/blog-assets-staging.testsigma.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/Frame-48095882.png" alt="waterfall vs agile" class="wp-image-30049"/><figcaption>waterfall vs agile methodology</figcaption></figure></div>



Simply put, Waterfall involves completing each project phase before moving on to the next. It emphasizes planning upfront the different phases of development, such as requirements gathering, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. In contrast, Agile involves breaking a project into smaller, more manageable chunks and continuously iterating and improving upon them. Instead of following a predetermined plan, Agile emphasizes flexibility and collaboration between team members throughout the entire project cycle to accommodate change.



While both methodologies have strengths and weaknesses, understanding their differences is essential for choosing the right approach for your project. By learning about these methodologies and their unique characteristics, you can make informed decisions to help you achieve your project goals more efficiently and effectively.



<div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets">Table Of Contents<ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#Agile_Methodology_and_Waterfall_Methodology">1 Agile Methodology and Waterfall Methodology</a></li><li><a href="#When_is_Waterfall_Better_than_Agile">2 When is Waterfall Better than Agile?</a></li><li><a href="#When_Should_You_Choose_Agile_Over_Waterfall">3 When Should You Choose Agile Over Waterfall?</a></li><li><a href="#Can_you_Combine_Agile_and_Waterfall">4 Can you Combine Agile and Waterfall?</a></li><li><a href="#Waterfall_Methodology_VS_Agile_Methodology_Advantages_Disadvantages">5 Waterfall Methodology VS Agile Methodology: Advantages &amp; Disadvantages</a></li><li><a href="#Test_Automation_in_Agile_VS_Waterfall_Methodologies">6 Test Automation in Agile VS Waterfall Methodologies</a></li><li><a href="#Agile_VS_Waterfall_Methodologies_8211_A_Summary">7 Agile VS Waterfall Methodologies &#8211; A Summary</a></li><li><a href="#How_To_Choose_the_Right_Methodology_for_Your_Project">8 How To Choose the Right Methodology for Your Project?</a></li><li><a href="#Conclusion">9 Conclusion</a></li><li><a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions">10 Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li><a href="#Why_is_Agile_better_than_Waterfall">10.1 Why is Agile better than Waterfall?</a></li><li><a href="#When_to_choose_Agile_vs_Waterfall">10.2 When to choose Agile vs. Waterfall?</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
<h2 id="h-agile-methodology-and-waterfall-methodology">Agile Methodology and Waterfall Methodology</h2>



Waterfall methodology is a step-by-step approach to software development that focuses on sequentially progressing through each stage and phase of the development process.&nbsp;



It allows for a structured and organized way to create a software product, starting from understanding the problem and ending with the software going live.&nbsp;



This approach typically involves specifying all the requirements and features upfront, detailed analysis and design, coding, testing, and deployment.



Agile methodology is a way of managing projects that focuses on delivering quick results, being able to handle changing requirements and emphasizing teamwork. It encourages an iterative approach, with frequent reviews and adjustments, so that the end product meets the customer&#8217;s needs.&nbsp;



Agile differs from traditional project management because it treats projects as shorter sprints instead of significant, monolithic processes. This allows for greater flexibility and collaboration, leading to quicker completion of projects with higher quality results.



<h2 id="when-is-waterfall-better-than-agile">When is Waterfall Better than Agile?</h2>



Agile and Waterfall are two different project management approaches, so you cannot say that one is better. It depends on the project and team&#8217;s goals, resources, constraints, and deadlines.&nbsp;



Generally, Waterfall is best suited for projects with a clear set of requirements that don&#8217;t change much over time and where risk and uncertainty are low. Agile is better for exploratory projects where conditions may evolve or change over time.



<h2 id="when-should-you-choose-agile-over-waterfall">When Should You Choose Agile Over Waterfall?</h2>



Agile is best suited for projects that require frequent changes and updates, whereas Waterfall is better for projects with predetermined, fixed results.



<h2 id="can-you-combine-agile-and-waterfall">Can you Combine Agile and Waterfall?</h2>



Yes, combining aspects of Agile and Waterfall project management approaches is possible. You can see people referring to this as the &#8220;hybrid&#8221; approach. It involves taking the best elements of both approaches and combining them into one cohesive plan to achieve the desired outcome.&nbsp;



The hybrid approach focuses on a more flexible process that allows for rapid feedback and re-prioritization while having milestones and clear deliverables rooted in the project scope. This helps create a more cohesive integration of daily activities and tasks within the framework of the larger project goals.



<h2 id="h-waterfall-methodology-vs-agile-methodology-advantages-disadvantages">Waterfall Methodology VS Agile Methodology: Advantages &amp; Disadvantages</h2>



Here are the advantages of each methodology, presented in separate points:



Advantages of Waterfall Methodology:



<ol><li>Clear and Defined Objectives: The Waterfall methodology is a linear approach that follows a sequential process. This means each project phase is completed before moving on to the next one. This approach provides clear objectives, making planning and managing the project easier.</li><li>Predictable Outcomes: Since the Waterfall methodology follows a sequential process, predicting the project&#8217;s outcome is easier. This makes estimating the time and resources required for each project phase easier.</li><li>Documentation: The Waterfall methodology requires detailed documentation, which makes it easier to maintain and update the project in the future. This documentation also helps ensure that the project meets the stakeholders&#8217; requirements.</li></ol>



Advantages of Agile Methodology:



<ol><li>Adaptability: The Agile methodology is an iterative approach that allows flexibility and adaptability. The project can be adjusted based on stakeholder feedback or market changes.</li><li>Faster Time to Market: Since the Agile methodology is iterative, it allows for faster development and deployment of the project. This means the project can be delivered to the market faster, giving the organization an advantage.</li><li>Collaboration: The Agile methodology highlights the collaboration between the development team and the stakeholders. This collaboration helps to ensure that the project meets the needs of the stakeholders and that everyone is on the same page.</li></ol>



Let us delve into the major drawbacks of Waterfall methodology and Agile methodology, presented in separate points for clarity:



Disadvantages of Waterfall Methodology:



<ol><li>Firstly, The Waterfall methodology is a rigid approach that does not allow for changes or modifications once the project has begun. This lack of flexibility can lead to delays and increased costs if changes are required.</li><li>Second, High Risk: The Waterfall methodology is a high-risk approach as it relies on accurate planning and forecasting. If any assumptions made during the planning phase are incorrect, the entire project can be jeopardized. It is quite risky to conduct all the extensive testing once the project is almost done due to the temptation of rushing through it, especially when working with tight deadlines.</li><li>Thirdly, The Waterfall methodology does not prioritize customer involvement throughout the project. This can lead to a lack of understanding of the customer&#8217;s needs and requirements, resulting in a product that does not meet their expectations.</li><li>At last, it is time-consuming and can take months or even years to complete. This can be a disadvantage in today&#8217;s fast-paced business environment, where time-to-market is critical.</li></ol>



Disadvantages of Agile Methodology:



<ol><li>Firstly, Agile methodology can be challenging to implement in larger organizations. The flexibility and adaptability of Agile can lead to confusion and miscommunication among team members, particularly when working on complex projects.</li><li>Secondly, Agile methodology requires high collaboration and communication between team members. This can be difficult to achieve when team members are geographically dispersed or have conflicting schedules.</li><li>Thirdly, Agile methodology can result in a lack of documentation, which can be problematic for future reference or compliance purposes.</li><li>Lastly, Agile methodology can lead to scope creep, where the project&#8217;s scope expands beyond its original parameters. This can result in delays, increased costs, and a lack of focus on the project&#8217;s original goals.</li></ol>



<h2 id="h-test-automation-in-agile-vs-waterfall-methodologies">Test Automation in Agile VS Waterfall Methodologies</h2>



Regarding test automation, there are distinct differences between Agile and Waterfall methodologies. Understanding these differences is important for choosing the right tools for your testing needs.



<ul><li>In Agile, test automation is integrated into the development process from the very beginning. This means testing is done continuously throughout the development cycle, allowing quick feedback and adjustments.</li><li>On the other hand, test automation in waterfall methodologies follows a more linear approach to development, with testing typically occurring at the end of the cycle. This can lead to delays and a lack of flexibility.</li></ul>



<div class="cta-banner-v2">
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Here is a guide that talks in detail about automated testing
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Many <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/tools/automation-testing-tools/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">test automation tools</a> exist that can help in both types: Testsigma, Selenium, Apium, and Cucumber.



One tool that stands out in both categories is Testsigma. This cloud-based test automation platform offers a range of features for Agile methodologies, including easy test case creation, test maintenance, and integrations with popular tools like JIRA and Slack. With Testsigma, teams can streamline their testing processes and improve overall efficiency. Testsigma automates <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/end-to-end-testing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">end-to-end tests</a> for web, mobile, APIs, and Desktop applications.



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Testsigma is a tool made to adjust to your test automation needs
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Agile methodologies are best suited for projects that require flexibility and adaptability, while waterfall methodologies are best suited for projects that require a detailed plan and a structured approach. Ultimately, the choice between the two methodologies will depend on the specific needs of your project.



Read about <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/guides/agile-testing-methodology/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Agile Testing Methodology</a>.



<h2 id="h-agile-vs-waterfall-methodologies-a-summary">Agile VS Waterfall Methodologies &#8211; A Summary</h2>



To help you better understand the differences between Agile and Waterfall methodologies, we have created a comparison table below:



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td>Criteria</td><td>Agile</td><td>Waterfall</td></tr><tr><td>Approach</td><td>Iterative and Incremental</td><td>Sequential</td></tr><tr><td>Flexibility</td><td>Highly flexible and adaptable</td><td>Less flexible</td></tr><tr><td>Planning</td><td>Minimal planning is enough</td><td>Detailed planning required</td></tr><tr><td>Customer Involvement</td><td>High level of customer involvement</td><td>Low level of customer involvement</td></tr><tr><td>Risk management</td><td>Continuous risk management</td><td>&nbsp;Risk management at the beginning of the project</td></tr><tr><td>Documentation</td><td>&nbsp;Minimal documentation required</td><td>Extensive documentation required</td></tr><tr><td>Time and cost</td><td>Challenging to estimate time and cost</td><td>Easy to estimate time and cost</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



<h2 id="h-how-to-choose-the-right-methodology-for-your-project">How To Choose the Right Methodology for Your Project?</h2>



Waterfall and Agile are two popular methodologies with unique advantages and disadvantages.



Waterfall methodology is a linear approach that follows a sequential process. It is ideal for projects with a clear beginning and end, well-defined requirements, and a fixed scope for unexpected changes. This methodology is suitable for projects that require a high level of documentation and planning.



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">Read all about <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/blog/waterfall-model-in-software-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Waterfall Model in Software Testing</a></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



On the other hand, Agile methodology is an iterative approach that focuses on delivering value to the customer in small increments. It is best suited for projects with changing requirements and flexible scope. Agile is ideal for projects that require frequent feedback and collaboration between the development team and the customer. This methodology is suitable for projects that require a high level of adaptability and flexibility.



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">Read all about <a href="https://website.testsigma.com/blog/agile-model-in-software-testing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Agile Model in Software Testing</a></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



<h2 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h2>



So we conclude here that selecting the right methodology for your project is essential to its success. By understanding the differences between Waterfall and Agile, you can make an informed decision based on your project requirements.



<h2 id="h-frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>



<h3 id="h-why-is-agile-better-than-waterfall">Why is Agile better than Waterfall?</h3>



Agile is better than waterfall because it provides a flexible and iterative approach to software development. Agile promotes customer involvement and satisfaction by continuously delivering increments of working software rather than waiting until the end of the project to release a final product.



<h3 id="h-when-to-choose-agile-vs-waterfall">When to choose Agile vs. Waterfall?</h3>



It ultimately depends on the project&#8217;s size, complexity, risk factors, and the team and stakeholders&#8217; preferences. Agile is suitable for projects requiring flexibility and constant requirements changes, such as software development, where customer feedback and engagement are critical. On the other hand, Waterfall is ideal for projects with well-defined stages and straightforward, linear requirements.

Difference Between Agile and Waterfall Methodologies